三峡库区5433例病残儿先天性心脏病流行病学调查

Epidemiological investigation of congenital heart defects among 5433 infants with birth defects in Three Gorges Reservoir area

目的探讨重庆三峡库区16个区县儿童先天性心脏病的发生情况,为先天性心脏病人群干预及病因学研究提供参考。方法利用重庆市病残儿医学鉴定平台,收集、回访、调查、整理三峡库区所属区、县5433例病残儿医学鉴定资料并从中筛选出418例先天性心脏病患儿,分析先天性心脏病与库区环境因素的关系。结果大渡口区、涪陵区、长寿区、沙坪坝区、巴南区、万州区等儿童先天性心脏病发病率较高,奉节县等区县人群的患病率较低。418例先天性心脏病患儿中,室间隔缺损最多(44.7%),其他依次为房间隔缺损(10.8%)、动脉导管未闭(8.9%)、法洛四联征(7.7%)等。结论室间隔缺损为重庆三峡库区先天性心脏病的主要类型,加大早期筛查力度,加强孕早期保健和防护,重视产前健康筛查,对预防儿童先天性心脏病具有较大意义。

Objective To analyze the prevalence of congenital heart defects in Three Gorges Reservoir area,Chongqing,and to provide the reference and etiology researches for intervening population with congenital heart defects.Methods Using the medical identification platform of sick and disabled children in Chongqing,418 children with congenital heart disease were screened out from 5433 sick and disabled children in districts and counties of the Three Gorges Reservoir area.For the 5433 birth defects,418 cases were congenital heart defects.The relationship between congenital heart disease and environmental factors was analyzed.Results The prevalence rate was higher in Dadukou district,Fuling District,Changshou District,Shapingba District,Banan District and Wanzhou District,while it was lower in Fengjie County and others.Of the 418 cases with congenital heart defects,ventricular septal defect was the most(44.7%),followed by atrial septal defect(10.8%),patent ductus arteriosus(8.9%),tetralogy of Fallot(7.7%).Conclusion The highest frequency of CHD is ventricular septal defect in Three Gorges Reservoir Region.It is an important practical significance to strengthen the caring for protection in the early stage of pregnancy and paying attention to prenatal health check-ups during pregnancy,for the prevention of children with congenital heart disease.