2008—2018年中国甲乙类传染病流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of category A and B infectious diseases in China from 2008 to 2018

目的了解我国甲乙类传染病的流行病学特征和发病趋势,为制定此类疾病的针对性防治措施提供依据。方法通过描述性流行病学方法,对2008—2018年我国甲乙类法定传染病的流行特征进行探讨。结果2008—2018年我国甲乙类传染病的发病率呈整体下降趋势(χ^2=7.422,P=0.006),死亡率呈明显上升趋势(χ^2=8.096,P=0.004);2008—2018年11年间病毒性肝炎和肺结核发病率一直稳居发病顺位前两位,发病率显著高于其它类型传染病;四种不同传播途径甲乙类传染病的发病率顺位为:血源传播及性传染病(整体呈上升趋势,χ^2=4.478,P=0.034)、呼吸道传染病(整体呈下降趋势,χ^2=8.943,P=0.003)、肠道传染病(整体呈下降趋势,χ^2=9.848,P=0.002)、自然疫源及虫媒传染病(整体呈下降趋势,χ^2=0.207,P=0.649)。结论目前我国部分法定甲乙类传染病发病率依然呈现上升趋势,死亡率整体亦呈现上升趋势,且新发传染病不断出现,甲乙类传染病的防控依然是我国的一项重大公共卫生问题,相关部门应该采取措施进行防控。

Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics and incidence trends of category A and B infectious diseases in China,and to provide supporting material specially for formulating preventive measures of these diseases.Methods:The epidemiological characteristics of category A and B infectious diseases in China from 2008 to 2018 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods.Results:The incidence rate of category A and B infectious diseases showed a decline in the past 2008-2018 years.The mortality showed a significant upward.The incidence rates of viral hepatitis and tuberculosis in 2008-2018 were ranked the top two in the past 11 years,which was significantly higher than other types of infectious diseases;the incidence rates of four infectious diseases with various route of transmission(from high to low)were:blood transmission and sexually transmitted diseases,respiratory infectious diseases,intestinal infectious diseases and natural focus and insect borne infectious diseases.Conclusions:At present,incidence rates of some category A and B infectious diseases in China increase,so does the mortality.What's more,the emerging infectious diseases should be controlled efficiently by relevant departments as a major public health problem in China.