气候变化和人类活动背景下高原鼠兔动态分布预估研究进展

Research Progress on Plateau Pika Dynamic Distribution in the Context of Climate Change and Human Activities

高原鼠兔是青藏高原的特有种,也是高寒草地生态系统的关键种,但其在特定条件下的暴发也会对高寒草地产生不利影响,因而受到广泛的关注。自20世纪70年代末以来已经开展了大量的高原鼠兔生理、行为、生境及其对草地影响的工作,取得了重要的研究成果,且已经有不少综述工作。文章从生态位模拟以及基于过程的模拟角度出发,首先简要介绍了高原鼠兔的主要生活史,其次介绍了环境(气候、放牧、小生境、捕食)与高原鼠兔间的相互作用,再分别介绍了生态位模拟和基于过程模拟的现状以及模拟高原鼠兔种群变化需要着重关注的重点,最后指出了目前研究存在的不足以及未来重点研究的方向。

Plateau pika is an endemic species of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and a key species of alpine grassland ecosystem,but its outbreak under certain conditions will also bring adverse effects on the alpine grassland,so it has received wide concerns.Since the end of the 1970s,a lot of work has been carried out on the physiology,behavior,habitat of the plateau pika and its impact on grassland,and important research results have been obtained,and there have been many reviews.From the perspective of niche simulation and process-based simulation,the study briefly introduces the main life history of plateau pika,the interaction between environment(climate,grazing,niche and predation)and plateau pika.Moreover,it also explains the current situation of niche simulation and process based simulation,and the keys of simulating changes in plateau pika populations.At last,the shortcomings of current research and future research directions are presented.