生物刑法的保护法益与发展路向

The Protection of Biological Criminal Law and Its Development

生物安全作为生物安全风险日趋严重背景下的极端重要法益,应受到刑法的有力、有效保障。生物安全法益涉及人民群众的生命健康、财产安全、社会秩序与经济发展等,是国家安全的重要组成部分,包括国家安全、人类安全与个体安全三层结构。生物技术是一把双刃剑,刑法介入生物安全风险,不仅需要正确处理科研自由、经济发展与生物安全保护的矛盾,而且需要正确对待生物技术的双重适用困境。从刑法是保护生物安全法益的最佳化命令与框架秩序出发,现代生物刑法应当确立刑法保护“早期化、严密化、专门化”的规范取向,采取危害国家安全罪的罪刑体系,并且根据生物安全风险的评判标准及其不同等级划分,选择不同的犯罪模式与罪刑结构,以有效预防与控制生物安全风险。

As a vital legal benefit,biosafety should be strongly and effectively protected by the criminal law in the context of increasing biosafety risks.Biosafety legal benefits,composed of a three-tier structure of national security,human security and individual security,involve people􀆳s life and health,property safety,social order and economic development,etc.,and are an important part of national security.Biotechnology is a double-edged sword.Therefore the intervention of biosafety risks by criminal law not only has to correctly handle the contradiction between scientific research freedom,economic development and biosafety protection,but also has to deal with the dual use of biotechnology.With the perspective of the criminal law as the optimal order and framework order to protect the legal interests of biological safety,modern biological criminal law should establish the normative orientation of“early,strict,and specialized”protection,adopt a criminal and penal system for crimes endangering national security,choose different crime patterns and criminal structures according to the assessment criteria of biosafety risks and their different levels,so as to prevent and control biosafety risks effectively.