行为主义公共政策创新的助推框架与政策工具——以行为洞察力小组为例

A Framework of NUDGES and Policy Instruments for Behavioral Public Policy Innovation——With the Behavioral Insights Team as a Case in Point

政策工具是实现政策目标的手段。作为助推策略的简化、增加吸引力、社会压力和默认选择分别发挥框架效应、信息标签效应、群体规范效应、默认效应,借助多元化政策工具提升公共政策有效性。作为一种基于“自由主义家长制”伦理的干预策略,助推时刻处在强干预与微干预、善意助推与恶意助推、自由主义与新型技术操纵的张力之中,需要政策设计者保持伦理自觉和工具反思。下一步,应该致力于明确助推政策工具类型谱系,构建政策工具选择与社会文化背景匹配性框架,推动微观干预与宏观政治系统整合研究。

As a basic strategy of behavioral public policy,NUDGES have become more and more popular in the past decade.Based on the trial experiments of Behavioral Insights Team,this paper discusses the strategy of NUDGES,including Simplification,Attractiveness,Social Norms and Default Selections.Policy designers should comprehend the diversity and openness of NUGDES and select appropriate measures in accordance with the policy environment and target groups.Moreover,they should stay alert to NUDGES and pay special attention to the balance between over-intervention and micro interposing,good wills and evil wills,personal freedom and official manipulations to avoid exquisite mind manipulating.For future,researchers should frame the policy measures type genealogy,to explain the compatibility between tools and social-cultural settings and call for integrated schemes of micro-macro perspectives of NUDGE and political system.