城市低保救助中的福利污名:基于定性与定量证据的分析

Welfare Stigma of China’s Urban Minimum Livelihood Guarantee Program——An Empirical Analysis Based on Qualitative and Quantitative Evidence

从受助对象角度分析低保救助资源的有效配置,为进一步提升我国社会救助管理水平提供了新视角。福利污名为这一分析视角提供了有价值的概念工具,本文借助这一概念工具分析我国城市低保救助中的福利污名问题。分析发现,超过半数低保受助对象因申领低保救助而感受到了污名化,感受到更多邻居非议的低保对象同时也感受到更多个人心理污名。街道及社区居委会干部的友好态度反而强化了低保对象的个人污名感。低保对象所体验到的福利污名程度与其对低保制度执行的公平性感知密切相关。进一步的分析表明,受助对象所感受到的福利污名会降低其对低保制度的利用。因此,关注低保救助中的福利污名问题,增进受助对象的主观福利,是提升我国低保救助治理水平的必然要求。

The targeting problem has been discussed a lot in the literature of China’s Urban Minimum Livelihood Program(also called Dibao in mandarin Chinese,meaning basic cost-of-living guarantee),but few discussions are conducted from the perspective of the beneficiaries.As a new concept tool,welfare stigma is used in this paper to exam the problem of stigma from the perspective of Dibao recipients.Based on the qualitative data from field evidence,it has been found that the majority of the Dibao recipients felt stigmatized.Those who experienced negative comment from neighbors meanwhile felt a high level of personal stigma psychologically.Somehow,the friendly attitude held by the cadres of the community neighborhood committee towards Dibao recipients conversely reinforced the personal sense of stigma on the part of the recipients of subsistence allowance.The degree of welfare stigma felt by the subsistence allowance recipients is closely related to their perception of fairness in the implementation of the subsistence allowance system.The more unfairly the recipients feel the policy is executed,the more justified they feel they are to get the benefit.Based on the quantitative evidence from CSS data,it has been found that welfare stigma is apparently related to the receiving of Dibao benefit.Therefore,paying attention to welfare stigma in urban Dibao recipients should be a new focus for better implementation of this policy.