我国高校博士生招生模式审视与重构

Review and Reconstruction of the Doctoral Enrollment Mode at Chinese Universities

我国高校博士生招生制度呈现治理结构由单一政府管理向多元主体共治转型、价值取向由公平优先向质量优先转换、招生方式由单一模式向多元模式并存转移、招生对象由无差异化大众向少数优异群体或特殊群体转变的演变轨迹。当前我国高校博士生招生模式四元共存表现出政府的越位和错位之嫌、高校的错位之弊以及导师的缺位之误。我国高校博士生招生模式的改革方向在于确立以认识论为基础、追求知识创新的价值取向,建立以申请审核模式为主、多元模式并存的改革目标,构建以指导教师为主导、多元主体共治的治理体系;具体路径在于调整申请审核模式、服务国家特殊需求模式的内涵,形成两种模式的有机融合。

The changes in the doctoral student admission system at universities in China have registered in four aspects:in governance structure,it has changed from single government management to multi-unit governance;in value orientation,it has changed from fairness first to quality first;in admissions mode,it has changed from a single mode to the coexistence of multi-unit involved mode,and in candidate admission,it has changed from open to public without special preference to open to outstanding ones or special groups.At present,the coexistence of the four elements in doctoral student admission mode in China shows the offside and misalignment of the government,the dislocation of universities,and the lack of supervisors.This paper points out that the reform of the doctoral student enrollment mode at universities in China should be directed to the establishment of a value orientation based on epistemology and for knowledge innovation;the reform target should be directed to the objectives to be reached with the application review mode in predominant position and with co-existence of multi-unit involved mode;and the governance system should be directed to the co-governance featuring the guidance of teachers as the leading role.Moreover,this paper points out that the specific path lies in the adjustment of the application review mode,in the connotation to be better aligned with the special needs of the country,and in the organic integration of the dominant mode and the multi-unit involved mode.