社会排斥的内涵:缘起、演进与新路径

The Connotation of Social Exclusion: Its Origin,Evolution and New Path

政治、经济、文化、社会和学术研究的需求与发展推动着社会排斥内涵的产生与演进。从最初狭义的指代贫困到广义的多维排斥,由状态到过程,由单向排斥到循环累积,社会排斥在排斥者与被排斥者的互动中产生。通过对文献的梳理发现,社会排斥的内涵更关注其是一种社会现象,而忽略了社会排斥也是被排斥者心理层面的主观建构。研究在社会排斥是动态过程化内涵的基础上,使用压力反应从刺激源经中介系统到临床相的研究范式,构建新的发生路径。从初始的排斥状态,到施动者施加社会排斥,被感知的社会排斥经过被排斥者的自身能力、社会支持和认知等中介系统的调节,进行增益或消减,与未被感知的社会排斥共同累积作用于排斥的最初状态,如此不断循环发生的过程。

The demand for and the development of political,economic,cultural,social,and academic research promote the emergence and evolution of the connotation of social exclusion.The notion of social exclusion,generated in the interaction between the excluder and the excluded,has undergone the changes from the initial narrow-sense exclusion(i.e.,poverty)to the general multidimensional exclusion;from the static state to the dynamic process;and from the one-direction exclusion to the cyclic accumulation.Through literature review,the study has found that the connotation of social exclusion pays more attention to it as a social phenomenon,while ignoring that social exclusion is also a subjective construction of the psychological level of the excluded.On this basis,this paper intends to construct a new path of social exclusion based on its dynamic process by using the paradigm of stress reaction from stimulus source to mediator system to clinical features.From the initial state of exclusion to the excluder's exertion of social exclusion,the perceived social exclusion is mediated by the ability,social support,and the cognition of the excluded.The total amount of social exclusion together with the unperceived social exclusion accumulates and acts on the initial state of social exclusion in a cyclic manner.