国王的宠臣:中世纪英格兰王权与大学关系探析

The King's Favourite: An Analysis of the Relation Between EnglishCrown and University in the Medieval Ages

与中世纪多数欧洲大陆的大学在王权与教权的夹缝中艰难发展不同,同时代的牛津和剑桥相当于国王的宠臣,基本是在英格兰王权的扶持与保护下茁壮成长起来的,而且两所大学拥有高度自治的空间。中世纪英格兰王权与大学的特定关系主要缘于英格兰王权与教会的同盟关系、日耳曼封建制度的约束和要求以及大学对王权的特殊功用,这种关系也为之后英国政府与大学关系设定了基调,开启了英国大学高度自治的传统。

Unlike most continental European universities in the medieval ages,which struggled to find their way of development in the conflict between the crown and the church,Oxford University and Cambridge University at that time were King's favourites,thriving largely under the aegis and protection of the English crown,and maintained a high degree of autonomy.The specific relation between the English kingship and universities in the medieval ages was mainly due to the alliance between the crown and the church,the constraints and requirements of the feudal system,and the special function of universities to the kingship.This relationship also set the tone for the relation between the British government and universities and started the tradition of a high degree of autonomy for British universities.