从“一国民俗学”到“世界民俗学”

From “Folkloristics of One Country” to “Folkloristics of the World”

现代民俗学中所讲的“民俗”概念从学术实践来看是一种民俗学学术共同体内部相互协商基础上的集合概念,这一协商同时也是一个学术建构的过程,是一个包括重新界定和学术批评双重内涵的过程。同时,这种学术建构也决定了其可以在新的学术背景下被重新建构。现代民俗学预设了民俗学的研究应该是“一国民俗学”,日本学术界在自己的学术脉络中提出“世界民俗学”,因应了全球化影响下民俗生活与民俗研究学术的发展,是民俗学的增量事业。但是我们也要注意以“世界民俗学”为目标的合作研究与学术交流需要新的学术伦理,如此才有望建立一门超越“霸权”的世界民俗学。

“Folklore”in modern folkloristics is a collective concept based on mutual negotiation within the academic community of folklore studies,and this negotiation is also a process of academic construction.At the same time,this academic construction also determines that it can be reconstructed in a new academic context.While modern folkloristics presupposes that folkloristics should be“folkloristics of one country”,the Japanese academic circle advocates“folkloristic of the world”,which responses to the new reality of folklore life and folkloristics under globalization and thereby has become a new enterprise.However,we should also realize that new academic ethics is required in the co-operation and academic communication to pursue“folkloristic of the world”that shall go beyond any“hegemony”.