豫北山前修武地区地下水水化学特征及水质评价

Hydrochemical Characteristics and Water Quality Assessment of Groundwater in Xiuwu Area of North Henan Province

为了解修武地区地下水水化学特征,选取2018年丰水期42个地下水样和3个地表水样数据,综合运用数理统计、Piper三线图、模糊数学综合法、相关性分析和Gibbs图等进行修武地区地下水水化学特征分析及水质评价,并分析其主要影响因素。结果表明:(1)修武地区地下水中Na~+、Ca~(2+)、HCO_3~-和SO_4~(2-)含量相对较高,阳离子浓度呈Na~+>Ca~(2+)>Mg~(2+)>K~+的关系,阴离子浓度呈HCO_3~->SO_4~(2-)>Cl~->NO_3~->F~-的关系。(2)浅层地下水整体呈明显分带特征,从北部冲洪积扇的HCO_3型和HCO_3·SO_4型,至扇前洼地变为HCO_3·SO_4·Cl型,过渡到黄沁河冲洪积平原变为SO_4·Cl型、SO_4型和HCO_3·SO_4型;深层地下水整体呈HCO_3型。(3)模糊数学综合评价结果表明修武地区地下水水质整体较好,局部地下水受到污染。(4)地下水水化学主要受岩石作用控制,也受蒸发浓缩作用影响,局部地下水受地表水、水动力条件及人为因素影响,主要是工矿企业污染。研究成果可为修武地区地下水污染防治及水资源保护提供参考依据。

The aim of this study is to obtain the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in the Xiuwu area of north Henan Province of China.Fourty-two groundwater samples and three surface water samples collected in the wet season of 2018 were analyzed to obtain the hydrochemical characteristics and assess the water quality via mathematical statistics,Piper’s plot,fuzzy mathematics synthesis method,correlation analysis and Gibbs plot.Major factors affecting the hydrochemical characteristics were also investigated.The results are as follows:(1)The content of Na+,Ca2+,HCO3-and SO42-in the groundwater of Xiuwu area was relatively high,and the content of cation was in an order of Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+>K+,while anions HCO3->SO42->Cl->NO3->F-.(2)Shallow groundwater presented obvious zoning characteristics,transiting from HCO3 type and HCO3·SO4 type in the northern alluvial fan,to HCO3·SO4·Cl type in the front of the fan,and then to SO4·Cl type,SO4 type and HCO3·SO4 type in the Huangqin River alluvial plain;deep groundwater as a whole was of HCO3 type.(3)The results of fuzzy mathematics comprehensive evaluation showed that the groundwater quality in the Xiuwu area was good overall yet with pollutions locally.(4)Groundwater chemistry is mainly controlled by rock action and is also affected by evaporation and concentration.Groundwater in some parts is affected by surface water,hydrodynamic conditions and human factors,mainly industrial and mining enterprises.The research results are expected to provide reference for groundwater pollution prevention and water resources protection in Xiuwu area.