新型穗肥对香糯稻产量和品质的影响

Effects of Grain Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Sweet Glutinous Rice

采用大田试验,研究不同配方的穗肥对皖稻68、特糯2072、嘉糯65等品种糯稻的产量、养分积累、品质、挥发性物质的组成成分和比例、特征香气等的影响。设2个处理:不施新型穗肥对照(CK);施新型穗肥。结果表明,经过香糯稻专用缓释穗肥处理后,与对照组相比,皖稻68、特糯2072、嘉糯65的产量分别增加0.55、0.75、0.72 t/hm^2;皖稻68的Fe含量增加0.11 mg/kg,特糯2072的Ca、Zn含量分别增加0.22、0.09 mg/kg,嘉糯65的Mg、Cu含量分别增加0.76、0.05 mg/kg;皖稻68、特糯2072的支链淀粉含量分别增加8.3百分点、7.7百分点,特糯2072的V B 2含量增加0.57 mg/kg,嘉糯65的整精米率增加7.2百分点,人体必需氨基酸占总氨基酸含量的比例增加5.4百分点;皖稻68、特糯2072、嘉糯65香糯米的特征香气物质成分中,增加了2-己基-1-癸醇、2-辛基-1-癸醇、2-庚酮、3-十五酮、苯甲酮、苯并噻唑、癸基辛基醚和乙酸乙酯,其他特征香气物质的增加幅度为0.21~10.25百分点;皖稻68、特糯2072、嘉糯65对致病菌的感染率降低幅度为16.00%~32.00%。综上,新型穗肥可以有效地增加糯稻生物量,提高糯稻品质,适度增强糯稻对病害的抵御能力。

Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different formulas of grain fertilizer on yield,nutrient accumulation,quality composition and proportion of volatile substances,and characteristic aroma of Anhui 68,Tenuo 2072,and Jianuo 65.Two treatments were set in the experiment:without new grain fertilizer(CK);new grain fertilizer.The results showed that the yield of Anhui 68,Tenuo 2072,and Jianuo 65 increased by 0.55,0.75,0.72 t/hm^2;compared with CK,Fe content of Anhui 68 increased by 0.11 mg/kg,the Ca and Zn contents of Tenuo 2072 increased by 0.22,0.09 mg/kg,and the Mg,Cu contents of Jianuo 65 increased by 0.76,0.05 mg/kg,respectively.The content of amylopectin in Anhui 68 and Tenuo 2072 increased by 8.3 percentage,7.7 percentage;the content of V B 2 in Tenuo 2072 increased by 0.57 mg/kg,the rate of whole polished rice in Tenuo 65 increased by 7.2 percentage,and the proportion of human essential amino acid in the total amino acid content increased by 5.4 percentage.Among the components of the characteristic aroma substances of Anhui 68,Tenuo 2072 and Jianuo 65,2-hexyl 1-decanol,2-octyl 1-decanol,2-heptanone,3-pentanone,phenylketone,benzothiazole,decyloctyl ether and ethyl acetate were increased.The increase range of other characteristic aroma substances was 0.21-10.25 percentage.The infection rate of Anhui 68,Tenuo 2072 and Jianuo 65 was reduced by 16.00%-32.00%.The new grain fertilizer can effectively increase the biomass of glutinous rice,improve the quality of glutinous rice and moderately enhance the resistance of glutinous rice to diseases.