深空探测生物再生生命保障系统研究进展和发展趋势

Research Status and Development Trend of Bio-regenerative Life Support System for Deep Space Exploration

生物再生生命保障系统是月球基地、载人登陆火星和火星基地等长时间、远距离的载人航天活动的关键技术之一。梳理了生物再生生命保障系统的理论与技术体系,综述了自20世纪60年代至今,俄罗斯、美国、欧洲、日本、中国等国家与组织在该领域从生物单元到系统集成研究,再到有人密闭实验的研究进展,以及微型水生生物系统的空间实验的尝试。提出了生物再生生命保障系统的发展路径,指出小型陆生生态系统的空间实验是将该项技术真正应用于太空所需的关键环节,分析了该项技术未来发展趋势及其地面应用前景。

Bio-regenerative life support system(BLSS),is one of key technologies for long-term and long-distance manned space missions such as manned Mars landing and the establishment of lunar and Mars bases.The theories and technologies of BLSS are summarized.Countries and organizations including Russia,USA,Europe,Japan and China have conducted a series of research in BLSS,from bio-unit test,systematic test to manned closed experiment and aquatic micro-ecosystem experiments in space.The development path of BLSS is proposed,and it points out that small-scale terrestrial ecosystem is the key part for the application of BLSS to space.The tendency and ground application prospect of technologies derived by BLSS are analyzed as well.