龙山县不同等级石漠化林地植被调查及植物多样性分析

AnalysiSon plant investigation and species diversity of rocky desertification forest in Longshan Country

采用样方调查法对湖南省龙山县3个不同等级石漠化林地进行植被调查,分析其物种组成及植物多样性,并用Jaccard群落相似性原理分析评价群落间的相似度。结果表明:调查区内共有草本植物27科44种、木本植物17科31种,其中草本层占优势的是百合科、菊科、蔷薇科植物,占草本种数的45%。随着石漠化程度的升高,植物种类及数量减少,多样性指数H最高仅为2.58,丰富度指数R最高仅为5.76,均匀度指数最高仅0.84。不同程度石漠化间均匀度指数E、多样性指数H以及优势度指数D没有显著差异,而丰富度指数R具有显著性差异;丰富度指数大小顺序为:轻度石漠化>中度石漠化>重度石漠化。石漠化区植物种类总体上比较少,群落的组成和结构简单,物种多样性水平较低,生态较为脆弱。该研究为湖南省及我国西南石漠化区生态保护和生态系统恢复提供参考。

In thiswork,the vegetation of 3 different gradesof rocky desertification forest landsin Longshan County of Hunan Province were investigated by the sampling survey method.The speciescomposition and plant diversity were analyzed,and the similarity between communitieswasevaluated by the principle of Jaccard community similarity.The resultsindicated that there were 27 families,44 speciesof herbaceousplantsand 17 families,31 speciesof woody plantsin the survey area.Among them,Liliaceae,Compositae and Rosaceae familiesdominated the herbaceouslayer,accounting for 45%of the number of herbaceousspecies.With the increase of rocky desertification,speciesand quantity of plantsdecreased.The highest diversity index H wasonly 2.58,the highest richnessindex R was5.76,and the highest evennessindex was0.84.There wasno significant difference in the evennessindex E,diversity index H and dominance index D among different degreesof rocky desertification,while the richnessindex R showed significant differences.The richnessindex of rocky desertification wasorder:low>middle>high.In general,there were few plant species,simple community composition and structure,low speciesdiversity and fragile ecology in rocky desertification areas.The research providesa theoretical basisfor ecological protection and ecosystem restoration and reconstruction of rocky desertification areasin southwest China.