香蕉茎叶生物炭对香蕉枯萎病防控效果及土壤性状的影响

Effects of Banana Stems-Leaves Biochar on Soil Properties and Control of Banana Fusarium Wilt

对香蕉(Musa parardisiaca)茎叶废弃物进行500℃厌氧处理制备生物炭,采用大田试验,研究了不同生物炭添加量(生物炭与土壤的质量百分比:CK,0%;C1,1%;C2,2%;C3,3%)对香蕉枯萎病的防控效果及对土壤性状的影响,为香蕉茎叶废弃物的资源化利用提供理论参考。结果表明,与对照相比,生物炭处理(C1,C2,C3)使土壤容重显著降低15.4%—34.34%;土壤田间持水量、毛管孔隙度和总毛管孔隙分别增加8.07%—35.40%、14.36%—34.21%和11.96%—31.96%;土壤阳离子交换量、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别增加了98.17%—273.45%、50.82%—140.77%、8.33%—34.26%、36.07%—90.16%、16.74%—63.0%、36.04%—84.73%、22.57%—288.09%和33.77%—124.70%;土壤pH值增加了1.38—1.99个单位。土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和酸性磷酸酶的活性分别提高了23.94%—78.87%、7.84%—29.51%、32.95%—95.45%和36.78%—112.64%;土壤可培养细菌、固氮菌和放线菌的数量分别提高了2.45%—13.07%、14.10%—78.31%和6.64%—19.14%;可培养真菌和尖孢镰刀菌的数量分别降低了5.38%—23.19%和4.73%—28.13%,均以3%处理效果明显。Biolog-Eco分析的每孔平均吸光度值(AWCD)、丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均有所提高。香蕉黄叶率、枯萎病发病率和病情指数随香蕉茎叶生物炭施用量的增加而降低。总之,香蕉茎叶生物炭通过对蕉园酸化土壤理化性质的改良作用,提高了土壤酶活性,优化了土壤微生物群落结构,施用量在3%时,对蕉园土壤培肥效应和防控香蕉枯萎病的作用效果较好。研究结果可为农业废弃物的资源化利用和酸化土壤的改良提供理论参考。

In order to provide scientific guidance for the efficient utilization of banana stems-leaves-residue in acidified soil improvement,explore the best banana stems-leaves biochar application amount in banana plantation.The effects of adding 0(CK),1%(C1),2%(C2)and 3%(C3)biochar on soil physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,microorganisms,and effects on banana Fusarium wilt were analyzed.Compared with the control treatment,the results showed that biochar application rates significantly decreased mean soil bulk by 15.4%–34.34%,while increased soil field capacity,capillary porosity and total capillary porosity by 8.07%–35.4%,14.36%–34.21%and 11.96%–31.96%,respectively.Biochar applications significantly increased mean the cation exchange capacity,soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium by 98.17%–273.45%,50.82%–140.77%,8.33%–34.26%,36.07%–90.16%,16.74%–63.0%,36.04%–84.73%,22.57%–288.09%and 33.77%–124.70%,respectively.Soil pH increased significantly after biochar addition by 1.38–1.99.Similarly,soil urease,invertase,catalase and acid phosphatase were added by 23.94%–78.87%,7.84%–29.51%,32.95%–95.45%and 36.78%–112.64%.Soil bacteria,nitrogen-fixing bacteria,actinomycetes were enhanced to 2.45%–13.07%,14.10%–78.31%and 6.64%–19.14%,while the infection of fungi and Fusarium oxysporum were significantly prevented by 5.38%–23.19%and 4.73%–28.13%.Addition of biochar could add carbon source use ability of microbial communities in banana plantation,Shannon index and Richness index were enhanced.The soil microbial community structure became healthy as the soil microbial activity and diversity were increased during banana growth.The decrements in yellow leaf rate of banana,incidence and disease index of banana Fusarium wilt dropped significantly,while the disease control effect of banana Fusarium wilt were significantly higher than those in the control treatment.Banana stems-leaves biochar could significantly improve soil physic-chemical properties,increase soil fertility,improve soil enzyme activity,and also optimize soil microbial structure after twelve months.Meanwhile,the changes in bacterial community structure in the soil played an important role in the control of banana Fusarium wilt.The inhibiting effect on controlling banana Fusarium wilt apparently were enhanced with increasing number of banana stems-leaves biochar application.The addition 3%of banana stems-leaves biochar was the best,which would be of great practical significance for agricultural waste utilization,soil amendments and the improvement of rural ecological environment.The results could provide a theoretical basis for the application of biochar in banana plantation.The results of this study can also provide a theoretical basis for the resource utilization of agricultural waste and the improvement of acidified soil.