汉末三国战争中的鱼复和永安

On the Strategic Location of Yufu County and Yong'an County during the Warring Three Kingdoms Period

秦汉统治者曾在三峡西口的鱼复县建立江关,派兵戍守,原因在于当地瞿塘峡航道狭窄,又有险滩,两岸陆路崎岖,容易阻击溯江来犯者。刘璋在抵抗刘备南下时忽视对鱼复的防守,致使诸葛亮领兵顺利入川,北上包围成都,迫使刘璋投降。刘备在夷陵战败后退守峡口,改鱼复称永安,加强防务,将其作为防御吴兵的重镇。诸葛亮执政时与吴交好,减少永安兵力。蜀汉灭亡后,罗宪率永安孤军经受了孙吴三次围攻,最终保住了城池。

The rulers of the Qin and Han dynasties established Jiangguan Outpost in Yufu County,a vital pass situated to the west of the Three Gorges and dispatched troops to garrison the area.The rationale behind this lies in the fact that the local Qutang Gorge—one of the Three Gorges—boasts narrower waterways and dangerous shoals flanked by rugged land roads,making it a natural bulwark against enemy encroachment.In his effort to resist LIU Bei's southward incursion,LIU Zhang,then the Governor of Yi Province(covering present-day Sichuan and Chongqing),ignored the defense of Yufu County,which led to ZHUGE Liang and his forces’unhindered access to Sichuan Province and the subsequent encirclement of Chengdu.Surrounded in Chengdu and not wanting to inflict any more bloodshed to the people,LIU Zhang surrendered to LIU Bei.After a crushing defeat in the Battle of Yiling,LIU Bei retreated to a defensive position near the mouth of the Xiling Gorge,whose troops later travelled on foot towards Yufu County,which he renamed Yong'an County(literally meaning‘everlasting peace’).When ZHUGE Liang was at the helms of state power,he made peace with the State of Wu and re-established the Wu-Shu alliance against Wei,thus obviating the need to heavily fortify Yong'an County.After the demise of the State of Shu,General LUO Xian defended his position at Yong'an for about six months against attacks from Shu's former ally state Wu.