黄河三角洲海岸线的演变特征及淤进和蚀退临界水沙值研究

Research on the Evolution Characteristics of the Yellow River Delta Coastline and Its Critical Values of Siltation and Erosion

受气候变化和人类活动的影响,黄河三角洲的来水和来沙量总体呈减少趋势,黄河三角洲海岸线呈现出“淤进—摆动—改道—蚀退”的规律。作为海洋与陆地间交界的特殊地带,黄河三角洲的冲淤变化直接影响黄河河口地区的生产和生态安全。文中利用利津水文站的水沙数据和黄河三角洲的遥感影像资料,结合黄河三角洲淤进和蚀退的造陆动态监测结果和黄河入海径流量、入海输沙量变化特征分析结果,提出维持黄河三角洲海岸线动态平衡的临界值条件。结果显示,维持黄河三角洲海岸线淤进和蚀退平衡的临界年径流量为105.14亿m^3/a、临界年输沙量为1.76亿t/a、临界水沙条件关系式为0.027Q+4.699Qs=8.261。此研究成果可为黄河调水调沙和三角洲生态补水提供参考依据。

Affected by climate change and human activities,the inflows of water and sediment in the Yellow River Delta show an overall decreasing trend,and the Yellow River Delta coastline shows a siltation-swing-diversion-erosion law.As a special zone at the junction of ocean and land,the erosion and deposition changes of the Yellow River Delta directly affect regional production and ecological security in the estuary area.In this artical,using the water and sediment data from Lijin Station and the remote sensing data of the Yellow River Delta,and combining with the dynamic monitoring results of erosion and siltation for the line of the delta and the analysis results for the change characteristics of the discharge to Bohai Sea and the sediment transport of the Yellow River,the critical value conditions for maintaining the dynamic balance between erosion and deposition of the Yellow River Delta coastline were proposed.The results show that the critical runoff to maintain the balance between siltation and erosion of the Yellow River Delta is 10.514×10^9 m^3/a,the critical sediment transport is 176×10^6 t/a,and the comprehensive critical water-sediment relationship is 0.027Q+4.699Qs=8.261.The research results provide a reference for the water and sand regulation for the Yellow River and ecological water supply in the delta.