新冠疫情下妨害传染病防治罪的适用研究

Study on the Application of the Crime of Impairing Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases under COVID-19

新冠疫情下妨害传染病防治罪的适用具有正当性,对“甲类传染病”作扩张解释具有合理性。对引起新冠肺炎“传播严重危险”的判断不能仅依据“疫学因果关系”,还应结合“偶然性学说”综合认定。当妨害传染病防治罪与过失以危险方法危害公共安全罪存在竞合时,基于公共安全法益重于公共卫生法益的缘由,应以过失以危险方法危害公共安全罪来规制。在疫情防控中,对于隐瞒疫区停留史和密切接触史而构成妨害传染病防治罪的行为人,不能一味地从严惩治,而应考虑其特殊的行为动机与犯罪成因,在量刑时宜从宽处罚。

The application of the crime of impairing prevention and treatment of infectious diseases under COVID-19 is legitimate,and the amplified interpretation of"Category A infectious diseases"is reasonable.The judgment of"severe risk of causing novel Coronavirus pneumonia transmission"should not be based on"phylogenetic causation"only,but be combined with"contingency theory"at the same time.When the crime of impairing prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and the crime of endangering public security by dangerous means coexist,the behavior should be regulated by the crime of endangering public security by dangerous means,for the reason that the legal interest of public safety is more important than that of public health.In the prevention and control of the epidemic,the perpetrators who conceal their stay history and close contact history and thus constitute the crime of impairing prevention and treatment of infectious diseases should not be punished blindly strictly;instead,their special motives and causes of crime should be considered,and the lenient measurement of penalty seems more reasonable.