基于空间定向感知模型的飞行错觉模拟效果评价

Evaluation of Simulation Effect of Flight Illusion Based on Space Orientation Perception Model

目的建立一种人体空间定向感知模型,对飞行错觉模拟器错觉模拟效果进行客观评价。方法基于人体空间定向感觉整合理论,采用Matlab/Simulink软件,开发了一个包含耳石器、半规管、视觉传递函数及视觉-前庭交互机制的人体空间定向感知模型。将飞行错觉模拟器在躯体重力错觉、速度错觉条件下的飞行参数输入人体空间定向感知模型,通过数值仿真试验,预测人体对自身和飞机运动、姿态和垂直方向等的知觉状态。分析人体空间定向知觉与飞机实际运动状态发生差异的时机、知觉内容和数量关系,客观评价两种飞行错觉的模拟效果。结果躯体重力错觉模型评价试验结果显示,人体在沿x轴(矢状轴)直线加速飞行时产生21°仰角的错误知觉。速度错觉模型评价结果显示,飞机从陆地恒速平飞进入海上后,人体产生沿x轴方向线速度逐渐降低至0的错误知觉。两种错觉发生的时机、内容和数量关系均与理论分析基本一致。结论飞行错觉模拟器能够有效模拟躯体重力错觉和速度错觉。基于人体空间定向感知模型的飞行错觉模拟器客观评价方法可推广应用于载人离心机、飞行模拟器等地面载人运动模拟类设备的客观评价。

Objective To develop aperception model for human space orientation and to objectively evaluate the simulation effect of space disorientation simulator.Methods Based on the sensory integration theory for human space orientation,a Matlab/Simulink based perception model including sub-models of otoliths,semicircular canals,vision and visual-vestibular interaction was developed.By inputting the flight parameters of somatogravic illusion and vection illusion demonstrated on the simulator to the perception model,human perception of motion,attitude and subjective vertical could be predicted.The simulation effect of the two kinds of flight illusion was evaluated objectively by analyzing the time,sensory channel and the quantity of deviation between human perception and actual state of the aircraft.Results The evaluation results of somatogravic illusion showed that a false tilt perception of 21°occurred when accelerated along the xaxis.The evaluation results of vection illusion showed that a false perception of the velocity dropping to 0occurred when the aircraft flew from land into the sea.The time,sensory channel and the quantity of both flight illusions were consistent with the theoretical analysis.ConclusionIt proves that the space disorientation simulator can simulate somatogravic illusion and vection illusion effectively.The evaluation method based on perception model of human space orientation can be widely used in objective evaluation of human centrifuge,flight simulator and other ground manned motion simulation equipment.