磷酸肌醇特异性磷脂酶C在植物生长发育中的作用

The Role of Phosphoinositide-Specific PLC in Plant Growth and Development

磷脂酶C(phospholipase C,PLC)广泛存在于原核生物和真核生物中,是信号传导途径中一类重要的别构效应酶。PLC水解磷脂酰肌醇头部基团的磷酸二酯键产生甘油二酯(diacylglycerol,DAG)和三磷酸肌醇(inositol triphosphate,IP3)。PLC及其水解产物DAG和IP3会参与到种子萌发、幼苗生长、花发育以及果实成熟等植物发育的不同阶段。根据作用底物的不同,植物中有生物活性的PLC分为磷脂酰肌醇特异性PLC和磷脂酰肌醇非特异PLC。不同的PLC在结构、激活条件、底物特异性、水解产物等方面均存在差异。PLC的失活或者突变都会对植物造成严重的损伤。该文就植物PLC的结构特征、分类、特异性表达进行概述,重点就PI-PLC应答非生物和生物胁迫的过程中发挥的作用以及与植物激素的互作进行了论述。

PLC (phospholipase C) is an important allosteric enzyme in signal transduction pathway,which exists widely in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.PLC can produce DAG (diacylglycerol) and IP3 (inositol triphosphate) by hydrolyzing the phosphodiester bond on the phosphatidylinositol head group.PLC and its hydrolysates DAG and IP3 are involved in different stages of plant development,such as seed germination,seedling growth,flower development and fruit ripening.Based on various substrates,PLC with the biological activity is divided into NPC (non-specific PLC) and PI-PLC (phosphoinositide-specific PLC) in plants.There are differences in structure,activation conditions,substrate specificity,hydrolyzed products in different PLCs.The inactivation or mutation of PLC can cause serious damage to plants.This paper summarizes the structural characteristics,classification and specific expression of plant PLC,and role of PI-PLC in response to abiotic and biological stress and its interaction with plant hormones are discussed emphatically.