推进承包地经营权融资担保的困境与对策--基于承包方、受让方、银行与担保机构的多相关利益主体调研

The Dilemma and Countermeasures of Rural Land Contract Management Right Mortgage Financing:A Multi-stakeholder Study Based on the Contractors,Transferee,Lender and Guarantee

本文基于四个试点县的调研发现,普通农户(承包方)并不是因为还不了贷款而失去土地经营权,而是土地经营权先被规模化流转后,再被新型经营主体(受让方)用于融资担保;但流入的土地经营权因仅支付一年租金而担保价值极低,必须附加其他抵押担保条件;可担保机构比银行缺乏基层网络和风控能力,以土地经营权反担保时,和银行面临同样的担保价值低和处置难的困境,并增加了融资成本。应完善承包户的知情同意和租金保障机制,显著降低承包方和一次性支付多年租金的受让方的土地经营权担保融资利率,以长期低息贷款鼓励耕地持续改良和基础设施建设,不断提升土地产出率。

This paper,based on the survey of four pilot counties,finds that:ordinary farmers(contractors)do not lose their land management right because they can’t repay the loan,but the land management right is first transferred on a large scale to and then used by the new types of agricultural businesses(the transferee)for financing guarantee loan;the inflow of land management right has very low guarantee value because it only pays land rent of one year,so other mortgage guarantee conditions must be attached;compared with banks,guarantee institutions is more lack of grassroots network and risk control ability,so when counter guarantee with land management rights,the two institutions face the same dilemma,such as low guarantee value,difficult disposal choice,and increasing financing cost.So the policy implications are:it’s important to improve the informed consent and rent guarantee mechanism of the contractor,significantly reduce the financing interest rate of the land management right guarantee of the contractor and the transferee who pays the multi-year rent at one time,encourage the continuous improvement of cultivated land and infrastructure construction with long-term and low interest loans,as well as continuously improve the land output rate.