流域耕地生态盈亏、空间外溢与财政转移--基于长江经济带的实证分析

Ecological Benefit,Spatial Spillover and Fiscal Transfer of Farmland in Watershed:Evidence from the Yangtze River Economic Belt

耕地生态补偿是平衡耕地保护与区域发展的重要手段,也是耕地资源永续利用的关键。本文以长江经济带为例,在测算耕地生态效益的基础上,探讨流域耕地生态效益的影响因素和生态盈亏及空间外溢状况,进而设计耕地生态财政转移方案。研究发现,长江经济带耕地生态效益及空间外溢存在明显的异质特征和空间尺度差异。地方经济财权与耕地生态功能认知提升以及耕地生态补偿政策实施能显著增加耕地生态效益,耕地保护事权责任增加则会导致耕地保护动力和能力不足、耕地生态效益减损。本文以耕地生态效益外溢量为基础,综合考虑耕地保护事权和发展财权以及耕地生态功能认知等因素,设计耕地生态财政转移方案,在理论和实践上具有合理性与可行性。在政策层面,统筹耕地保护、经济发展及耕地生态功能认知等因素,制定并实施差别化耕地生态补偿方案、强化耕地生态财政转移政策工具效力,是耕地生态补偿机制创新的有效路径。

Farmland ecological compensation is an important means to balance farmland protection and regional development,and it is also the key to the sustainable use of farmland.Taking the Yangtze River Economic Belt as an example,the paper calculated the ecological benefits of farmland.On this basis,we discussed the influencing factors and ecological spillover of the ecological benefits of farmland in the watershed,and then design the ecological financial transfer plan of farmland.The study found that there were obvious heterogeneous characteristics and spatial scale differences in the ecological benefits and spillover of farmland in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.The improvement of local economic property rights and ecological function recognition of farmland could significantly increase the ecological benefits of farmland,as well as the implement of ecological compensation policy of farmland.However,increasing the responsibility of farmland protection would result in insufficient motivation and capacity for farmland protection,which lead to the loss of ecological benefits of farmland.The ecological financial transfer plan of farmland is designed based on the ecological benefit spillover of farmland.Meanwhile,factors such as the farmland protection power,the development financial rights and the ecological function cognition of farmland are also considered.This plan is reasonable and feasible in theory and practice.At the policy level,coordinating factors such as farmland protection,economic development and farmland ecological function recognition,and implementing differentiated farmland ecological compensation schemes are effective ways to innovate farmland ecological compensation mechanisms,as well as strengthening the effectiveness of ecological financial transfer policy tools.