所有制、涓滴效应与共享发展:一个政治经济学分析

Ownership,Trickle-down Effect and Sharing Economy: An Analysis of Political Economy

传统涓滴理论作为西方主流发展经济学的重要组成部分,源自西方社会报酬结构演进中对利益冲突的行为选择与思潮迭代。这一理论逻辑的根本缺陷在于其遮蔽了社会制度的内在蕴涵和社会结构的本质特征。将经济增长、收入分配和贫困三者关系置于社会生产关系的视域下考察:生产关系性质决定分配关系性质继而决定涓滴发展的实质,所有制是涓滴效应实现的核心机制。涓滴效应在不同经济体中阻滞或畅通实质上受所有制关系规定的"发展为了谁"的增长逻辑支配。"发展为了资本"和"发展为了人民"是两种截然不同的发展道路:前者从私有制出发,沿着自下而上的负向涓滴路径,必然导向两极分化;后者从公有制出发,沿着自上而下的正向涓滴路径,必将导向共同富裕。

The traditional trickle-down theory,as an important part of Western mainstream development economics,originates from the behavioral choices and thoughts iterations of the conflicts in the evolution of Western social reward structure.The fundamental flaw of this theoretical logic is that it conceals the inherent implication of the social system and the characteristics of the social structure.This article examines the relationship among economic growth,income allocation and poverty under the perspective of social production relations: the nature of production relations determines the nature of distribution relations and then determines the substance of trickle-down development;with ownership being the core mechanism for the realization of the trickle-down effect.The stagnation or smoothness of the trickle-down effect in different economies is essentially governed by the growth logic of "development for whom"."Development for capital" and"development for the people" are two completely different development paths.Based on private ownership,the former follows a bottom-up negative trickle-down path,which will inevitably lead to polarization.Based on public ownership,the latter follows the positive trickle path from top to bottom and will surely lead to common prosperity.