东北地区收获期低温对花生品质影响及耐低温品种筛选

Effect of low temperature on peanut quality and screening of low temperature tolerant varieties in Northeast China

在我国东北地区,花生收获期如收获不及时或遇初霜期提前,很容易发生冻害,降低花生品质,导致花生种子发芽率大幅降低或丧失,造成留种困难。选择40个花生品种(系)在东北地区种植并分不同时间段收获后,对产量、品质和萌发率等性状分别进行了分析。结果表明,在辽宁阜新地区,收获期低温会导致花生蛋白质、亚油酸和蔗糖含量增加,油脂和油酸含量降低,油亚比(油酸/亚油酸)明显下降。通过比较种子萌发率,筛选到适宜东北地区种植的1个高油酸耐低温品种, 1个普通油酸耐低温霜冻品种。

In Northeast China, freezing damage is easily to occur in peanut harvest period if the harvest is not timely or the first frost period is advanced. The freezing damage will change the quality of peanut, lead to a significant reduction or loss of peanut seed germination rate and cause difficulties in seed retention. The yield, quality and germination rate of 40 peanut varieties(lines) planted in Northeast China and harvested at different times were analyzed. The results showed that in Fuxin of Liaoning Province, the low temperature in harvest period would lead to the increase of peanut protein, linoleic acid and sucrose content, the decrease of oil and oleic acid content, and the obvious decrease of O/L ratio(ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid). Through the comparison of seed germination rates, one low temperature resistant variety with high oleic acid and one low temperature frost resistant variety with common oleic acid were screened from 40 varieties(lines).