黄河流域专业村空间格局演化及影响因素

Spatial evolution of specialized villages and influencing factors in the Yellow River Basin

黄河流域作为中国重要的粮食生产核心区和打赢脱贫攻坚战的重要区域,探究黄河流域专业村分布及演化的一般规律,对实现农区经济高质量发展具有重要意义。因此,本文以黄河流域专业村为研究对象,运用ArcGIS空间分析和地理探测器等方法,多尺度综合揭示2008—2017年黄河流域专业村的空间格局演变特征及影响因素。结果表明:(1)黄河流域专业村整体空间格局的集聚程度不断增加,主要集聚分布区位于关中平原和黄河下游地区;(2)黄河流域专业村县级尺度上空间格局演化呈现由带状向团状转变,团状集聚形态包括城郊集聚、乡镇集聚和乡村腹地集聚;(3)黄河流域专业村主要在低海拔区、缓坡区、河流两岸和公路两侧分布较多且增长较快;(4)黄河流域专业村影响因子主要体现在技术、制度、文化和市场方面,且不同分区上专业村分布的核心影响因子有所不同。因此,建议落后地区在充分挖掘自身优势的基础上,完善基础设施,引进先进技术,生产特级、优级、名牌农产品;发达地区要充分发挥先进技术、完善制度和创新文化对专业村持续健康发展的促进和引领作用。

The Yellow River Basin is an important core area of grain production in China and an important area to win the battle against poverty.Exploring the general pattern of the distribution and evolution of the specialized villages in the area is of great significance for the high-quality economic development of the region.Taking the specialized villages in the Yellow River Basin as the research object and using ArcGIS spatial analysis and Geodetector tools,this study comprehensively analyzed the spatial pattern evolution and influencing factors from 2008 to 2017.The results show that:(1)The concentration of the overall spatial distribution is increasing,and the concentrated distribution area is in the Guanzhong Plain and the lower Yellow River Basin;(2)The spatial pattern at the county level has changed from bands to clusters.The cluster-like agglomeration forms include suburban agglomeration,township agglomeration,and rural hinterland agglomeration;(3)Specialized villages are mainly distributed in low-altitude areas,areas with gentle slopes,along rivers,and along highways,with rapid growth;(4)The influencing factors of specialized village distribution in the Yellow River Basin are mainly in the technological,institutional,cultural,and market dimensions,and the core impact factors of spatial distribution vary in different regions.Therefore,it is recommended that underdeveloped regions,on the basis of fully exploiting their own advantages,should improve infrastructure,introduce advanced technology,and strive to produce high quality agricultural products.The developed regions should make full use of advanced technologies,well-developed management systems,and innovative culture to promote and lead the sustainable and healthy development of specialized villages.