晚清甘青地区基层社会纠纷解决的司法实践

On Judicial Practice in Resolving the Grass-Roots Social Disputes in the Gansu-Qinghai-Tibetan Agglomerations in the Late Qing Dynasty

在清王朝“边疆——内地”一体化施政理念的影响下,晚清甘青涉藏地区基层社会纠纷解决基本遵循官方主导下的上诉、调解、审判、执行等诉讼审判程式。然而,在具体的司法实践中,基于对甘青涉藏地区复杂社会形态的考量,清王朝仍遵循“因俗而治”的传统,在诉讼审判中借助部落头人、寺院活佛等乡老组织从中调解评议,依照“番例番规”处断,体现出较大范围的适用性和变通性。但也造成越级上诉、抗不赴讯、缠讼不休、拒不执行等诸多情形的司法困境,给纠纷的解决和落实造成不利影响。

Under the influence of the policy concept of"frontier——inland"integration of the Qing Dynasty,the grass-roots social disputes resolution in the Gansu-Qinghai-Tibetan agglomerations basically followed the judicial procedures of appeal,mediation,trial and execution under the guidance of the authorities.However,In the specific judicial practice,based on the consideration of the complex social patterns the Gansu-Qinghai-Tibetan agglomerations,the Qing dynasty still followed the tradition of"Administrating by Custom",mediated and reviewed such as tribal chiefs,Buddhas and other Xianglao organizations,according to Local rules and regulations,which showed a wide range of applicability and variability,but it also caused many judicial dilemmas such as leapfrog appeals,resistance to interrogate,endless litigation,refusal to execute,etc.which had a negative effect on dispute resolution and implementation.