考虑毒性负荷及路径长度的应急疏散路径规划

Emergency Evacuation Route Planning Considering Toxic Load and Route Length

针对危化品泄漏事故,利用GIS理论方法构建事故区域的疏散网络拓扑模型,选择高斯烟羽模型进行气体扩散模拟;并采用分组疏散策略提出以总疏散距离与毒性负荷的加权和最小为优化目标的应急疏散路径规划模型。以液氯泄漏事故为例,对危化品泄漏扩散情形进行模拟,并划分事故影响区域确定受灾居民点及安全的避难场所;将该模型与基于距离最短算法和基于时间最短算法的疏散路径规划结果进行对比,验证模型的有效性。结果表明,该模型能够保证整体的疏散效率,且疏散人员在整个过程中承受较低的受灾风险,可为决策者制定疏散方案和受灾群众快速安全疏散提供决策支撑。

Aiming at the leakage of hazardous chemicals,the topological model of evacuation network in the accident area is constructed by using GIS theory method,the gaussian plume model is selected to simulate gas diffusion,and adopt group evacuation strategy.Furthermore,an emergency evacuation route planning model with the minimum weighted sum of total evacuation distance and toxic load as the optimization objective is proposed in the paper.Taking liquid chlorine leakage accident as an example,the diffusion situation of hazardous chemicals leakage is simulated,and the affected areas are divided to determine the affected residential areas and the safe refuge places.The model is compared with the evacuation route planning results based on the shortest distance algorithm and the shortest time algorithm,and the effectiveness of the model is verified.The results show that the model can ensure the overall evacuation efficiency,and the evacuees bear a lower risk of disaster during the whole process,which can provide decision support for the decision makers to make evacuation plans and the disaster-affected people to evacuate quickly and safely.