医护人员肌肉骨骼疾病发生现状及其影响因素分析

Occurrence status and influencing factors of musculoskeletal disorders in medical staff

目的分析医护人员肌肉骨骼疾病发生现状及其影响因素,为制定干预措施提供依据。方法以长沙市某医院在本单位工作≥1年的全体医护人员为研究对象进行肌肉骨骼疾病患病情况及相关因素问卷调查。采用描述流行病学分析方法进行分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对医护人员肌肉骨骼疾病患病影响因素进行分析。结果本研究共对全院医务人员802人进行调查。男女性别比为0.8∶1,年龄18~65岁,以18~29岁人群为主,占56.61%,护理部门占58.10%。802名医护人员中有260例(占32.42%)患有肌肉骨骼疾病,能够自行缓解202例(占77.69%)。多因素分析结果显示,女性(OR=1.376)、护理和医疗辅助部门(OR=3.216、3.149)、年龄越大(OR=3.435)、工作年限越长(OR=2.759)、焦虑症状(OR=3.177)、工作空间狭窄(OR=2.563)、搬动重物情况≥5次/d(OR=3.501)的医护人员肌肉骨骼疾病患病风险较高,锻炼情况在1~3次/周和≥4次/周(OR=0.358、0.150)的医护人员肌肉骨骼疾病患病风险较小。结论医护人员肌肉骨骼疾病发生率较高,其影响因素较多,医疗相关部门应针对其采取相应的干预措施,以降低医护人员肌肉骨骼疾病的发生风险。

Objective To analyze the incidence and influencing factors of musculoskeletal disorders in medical staff,and provide a basis for formulating intervention measures.Methods A questionnaire survey on the prevalence and related factors of musculoskeletal disorders was conducted with the medical staff in a hospital in Changsha who worked in the unit for more than 1 year.Descriptive epidemiological analysis method was used to analyze,and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of musculoskeletal disorders among medical staff.Results A total of 802 medical staff in the hospital were investigated.The sex ratio between men and women was 0.8∶1,and the age was 18 to 65 years old.The population was mainly 18 to 29 years old,accounting for 56.61%,and the nursing department accounted for 58.10%.Among the 802 medical staff,260(32.42%)suffered from musculoskeletal disorders,and 202 cases(77.69%)were able to relieve themselves.Multivariate analysis showed that the medical staff who was female(OR=1.376),working in nursing and medical assistance departments(OR=3.216,3.149),had older age(OR=3.435),longer working years(OR=2.759),anxiety symptoms(OR=3.177),cramped workspace(OR=2.563),moving heavy objects≥5 times per day(OR=3.501)had a higher risk of musculoskeletal disorders;exercise 1-3 times and≥4 times per week(OR=0.358,0.150)had a lower risk of musculoskeletal disorders.Conclusion The incidence of musculoskeletal disorders in medical staff is relatively high,and there are many influencing factors.The relevant medical departments should take corresponding intervention measures for the medical staff to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders.