国家可持续发展议程创新示范区评价指标体系研究

Evaluation index system of National Innovation Demonstration Zones for the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

国家可持续发展议程创新示范区是中国落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程的重要举措之一,也是解决制约中国发展瓶颈问题,为全球推进可持续发展贡献中国经验的重要实践。选择具有典型性和示范性的创建主体是建设可持续发展议程创新示范区的首要步骤,需要对作为创建主体的城市各方面进行综合评价。现有的城市可持续发展评价体系能够对城市的发展现状和基础进行绝对值评估,或作为城市落实2030年议程、实现可持续发展目标的进度监测工具,但难以体现不同规模、级别和类型的城市在可持续发展领域的优势和特点,有可能忽略了规模较小、但具有较大示范性和发展潜力的城市。因此文章从示范导向角度构建了包括城市发展基础、发展经验、重视程度、创新能力、辐射性和可塑性6个相对值指标的评价体系,并将指标与SDGs框架相对应,旨在对中国城市可持续发展的基础、经验、特点和潜力等进行综合评价,为后续示范区的选择提供思路。通过对已建立的6个示范区进行评价和分析,结果表明:①GDP为导向的经济发展不是唯一标准,发展基础相对薄弱、解决可持续发展问题能力较为突出的小城市也可能具有较强的示范作用;②发展经验、政府对示范区建设的重视程度和创新能力对示范区建设有较为重要的影响;③单个指标突出较难形成推动城市整体提升的持续动力。后续示范区的筛选和建设应重视各指标要素的协调性,形成推动城市整体可持续发展的合力。

The construction of National Innovation Demonstration Zones for the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development(NIDZSD)is one of China’s important measures to implement the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.The NIDZSD is also a practice to solve the bottlenecks restricting China’s development and to contribute the Chinese experience to the global advancement of sustainable development.Selecting typical and exemplary cities is the first step in the construction of innovation demonstration zones,and a comprehensive evaluation of cities is required.The existing urban sustainable development evaluation systems can assess the status and development level,or work as a progress monitoring tools for cities in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda.However,it is difficult for them to reflect the advantages and characteristics of cities with lower development levels but higher development potential.Therefore,this paper establishes an evaluation index system based on six indicators,urban development foundation,development experience,recognition degree,innovation ability,influence and potentiality,to make a comprehensive estimation of cities and provide ideas for the selection of subsequent demonstration zones.Then,this paper analyzes the six demonstration zones that have been established.The results show that:①Small cities with relatively weak development foundations and prominent problems may have a stronger demonstration significance.②More attention should be paid to the previous working experience,innovation abilities and the importance attached by the city governments in the selection of demonstration areas and subsequent construction planning.③The prominence of a single indicator is not enough to promote the sustainable development for cities.Governments should pay attention to the coordination of all the players involved in urban development.