天津市儿童青少年肥胖与血压现状及关系

Investigation on the status of obesity and high blood pressure and their relationship in children and adolescents in Tianjin

目的了解天津市儿童青少年肥胖和血压现状及其关系,为有针对性地制定儿童青少年血压偏高防控策略提供理论依据。方法2019年9月,采用分层整群抽样的方法,选取天津市16个区94所中小学7~17岁儿童青少年30403人为研究对象。采用标准方法测量身高体重和血压。采用SPSS 24.0进行χ2检验、方差分析和二元logistic回归分析。结果天津市儿童青少年超重检出率为17.28%,其中男生为19.32%,女生为15.07%;肥胖检出率为22.79%,其中男生为27.20%,女生为18.01%;血压偏高检出率为20.88%,其中男生为20.98%,女生为20.77%。BMI正常组、超重组和肥胖组血压偏高检出率分别为14.03%、23.41%和36.95%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。与BMI正常组比较,超重、肥胖是儿童青少年血压偏高的危险因素(OR=1.872,95%CI:1.735~2.021;OR=3.598,95%CI:3.366~3.827)。结论超重和肥胖是7~17岁儿童青少年发生血压偏高的重要影响因素,控制超重和肥胖是有效应对血压偏高的重要手段。

Objective To investigate the status and the relationship between obesity and high blood pressure in children and adolescents in Tianjin,and to provide a reference for the development of targeted prevention and control measures for high blood pressure in children and adolescents.Methods In September 2019,a stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 30403 children and adolescents aged 7-17 from 94 primary and secondary schools in 16 districts in Tianjin.Height,weight and blood pressure were measured by standard methods.SPSS 24.0 was used forχ2 test,variance analysis and binary logistic regression.Results The detection rate of overweight in children and adolescents in Tianjin was 17.28%,including 19.32%in boys and 15.07%in girls.The detection rate of obesity in children and adolescents in Tianjin was 22.79%,including 27.20%in boys and 18.01%in girls.The detection rate of high blood pressure in children and adolescents in Tianjin was 20.88%,including 20.98%in boys and 20.77%in girls.The detection rates of high blood pressure in the normal BMI group,overweight group and obesity group were 14.03%,23.41%and 36.95%,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).Compared to the normal BMI group,overweight and obesity were risk factors for high blood pressure in children and adolescents(OR=1.872,95%CI:1.735~2.021;OR=3.598,95%CI:3.366~3.827).Conclusion Overweight and obesity were important influencing factors for high blood pressure in children and adolescents aged 7-17 years.Controlling overweight and obesity is an important means to effectively cope with high blood pressure.