急性上呼吸道感染患者病毒流行病学特征分析

Analysis of virus epidemiological characteristics in patients with acute upper respiratory tract infection

目的探讨急性上呼吸道感染患者病毒流行病学特征,为临床诊治提供参考。方法选取2017年1月~2020年1月上海市浦东新区肺科医院门诊或住院的急性上呼吸道感染患者1306例为研究对象,采用直接荧光免疫法对患者鼻咽拭子样本进行呼吸道病毒检测。分析各病毒检出情况、临床特征、在不同季节、不同年龄中分布情况。结果1306例急性上呼吸道感染患者标本中病毒检出阳性679例,总阳性检出率51.99%。单一病毒感染中FluV 463例,阳性检出率35.45%;5种不同病毒感染在0~岁、14~岁、50~岁、65~岁中分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),FluV、PIV、RSV、RV在0~岁中阳性检出率较高,ADV在65~岁中阳性检出率较高;5种不同病毒在春、秋、冬三季的分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论急性上呼吸道感染以单一的病毒感染为主,不同病毒在年龄、季节分布上差异有统计学意义。

Objective To investigate the virus epidemiological characteristics in patients with acute upper respiratory tract infection,so as to provide a basis for clinical treatment.Methods A total fo 1306 inpatients or outpatients with acute upper respiratory tract infection in our hospital from January 2017 to January 2020 were enrolled.The respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal swab samples were detected by fluorescence immunoassay.The detection rate,clinical characteristics,seasonal distribution,and age distribution of each virus were analyzed.Results In 1306 patients with acute upper respiratory tract infection,679 cases were positive for virus culture,with a total positive detection rate of 51.99%.Among the single virus infections,463 cases were positive for FluV,with a positive detection rate of 35.45%.Five different virus infections showed significant difference among 0~years old,14~years old,50~years old and 65~years old groups(P<0.05).The positive detection rates of FluV,PIV,RSV,and RV were the highest in the 0~years old group,while ADV detection rate was the highest in the 65~years old group.The distribution of the 5 different viruses in spring,autumn and winter was significantly different(P<0.05).Conclusion Acute upper respiratory tract infection is mainly caused by a single virus,and different viruses has significant differences in age and seasonal distribution.