中老年高血压患者运动自我效能及影响因素分析

Analysis of the status and influencing factors of exercise and exercise self-efficacy inmiddle-aged and elderly patients with hypertension

目的分析中老年高血压患者运动及运动自我效能现状及其影响因素,为开展社区高血压患者运动干预提供依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,抽取546例调查对象,采集一般情况、运动情况和运动自我效能量表(ESE)得分情况,分析不同特征对象运动效能评分的差异性及影响因素。结果调查共546人,67.03%的高血压患者参加运动,已开展运动的高血压患者中运动项目主要为健步走(87.43%);ESE评分运动自我效能强共262人(47.99%),运动自我效能弱共284人(52.01%),单因素非条件logistic回归分析显示文化程度、家庭月收入、高血压患病年数、家庭医生是否指导、是否运动、运动前是否热身的分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),多因素非条件logistic回归分析显示初中文化程度、家庭月均收入低是影响运动效能的危险因素,有家庭医生指导过、有运动和高血压患病年度≤5年是影响运动效能的保护因素。结论社区中老年高血压患者运动自我效能处于中等水平,家庭医生应根据影响因素开展有针对性干预,提高运动自我管理能力。

Objective To analyze the current status of exercise and exercise self-efficacy(ESE)and its influencing factors in middle-aged and elderly patients with high blood pressure,and to provide a basis for the intervention of patients with hypertension in the community.Methods The stratified random sampling method was used to select 546 patients with hypertension who had received hypertension management for one year in the community.The general condition,exercise condition,and ESE scores were collected using survey questionnaires.Chi-square test was applied to analyze the difference of exercise efficacy score among different characteristic objects,and analysis of regression method was applied to analyze the influencing factors of exercise self-efficacy.Results A total of 546 people were surveyed in this study,of which 67.03%of hypertension patients participated in exercise.The main exercise program was walking healthily(87.43%).A total of 262 people(47.99%)had strong performance on ESE score,while 284 people(52.01%)had weak self-efficacy.The univariate unconditional logistic regression analysis found that there were significant differences in the distribution of educational level,family monthly income,years of hypertension,whether they received the guidance from family doctors,whether they exercised and whether they warmed up before exercise(P<0.05).The multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that educational level of junior high school and low average monthly household income were the risk factors affecting exercise efficacy,and the guidance of family doctors,exercise,and hypertension less than 5 years were the protective factors affecting exercise efficacy.Conclusion The exercise self-efficacy of middle-aged and elderly patients with hypertension in this community is at a medium level,and family doctors should carry out targeted interventions based on influencing factors to improve exercise self-management ability.