单侧听神经病研究进展

Advances in Research on Unilateral Auditory Neuropathy

单侧听神经病是一种特殊类型的听神经病,较双侧发病罕见,在听神经病中所占比例约为1.31%~7.31%。目前国内外对听神经病的研究已逐渐深入,而单侧听神经病由于发病率低,且临床易与一般单侧感音神经性耳聋混淆,相关研究报道较少,目前尚未取得明确性和突破性进展,其发病特点、听力学表现、临床转归及发病原因等尚不清楚。本文总结分析国内外与单侧听神经病相关的文献报道,对单侧听神经病的发现、流行病学特点、听力学表现、病因及发病机制等予以综述,以期提高认识和诊断,为进一步的临床诊治及研究提供有益指导。

Unilateral auditory neuropathy is a unique type of auditory neuropathy.Auditory neuropathy typically presents bilaterally,only a small number of unilateral cases have been reported in the literature with a prevalence varying from 1.31%to 7.31%among patients with auditory neuropathy.At present,research on auditory neuropathy has been gradually increasing,but with limited breakthroughs on unilateral auditory neuropathy,probably due to its low incidence and less research.Its characteristics of onset,audiologic features,clinical prognosis and etiologies are not well understood.This paper summarizes reports on unilateral auditory neuropathy in the literature both at home and abroad,elaborates on its audiology manifestations,etiologies and pathogenesis,so as to raise awareness and diagnosis and provide useful guidance for future clinical practice and research.