由“吾丧我”看庄子之生死观

Zhuangzi’s Idea of Life and Death from the Perspective of“I Lose Myself”

庄子在《齐物论》中,提出了“吾丧我”的观点,“吾”乃是消去我执,顺应天道以达天人合一境界的“真我”;“我”可解为形骸之我、成心之我以及分别之我。庄子之“丧”,是要将固有的东西丢弃,并不只是忘却。“丧”之路径,即通过“心斋”“坐忘”“朝彻”的方式抛除一切杂质所见之我,超越时空的束缚,达到真我的境界;“丧”之缘由,即舍“我”去“吾”,选择复归“吾”这样的生命状态,形成超越性的生死价值观。这样的生死观,不为功名所负累,将死亡归结于客观的自然命理,死生一体。在庄子看来,人要顺应自然,减少物我之间的分别,遵守自然与天命之道,形成一种“丧我”的境界,继而超越生死,达到生命的最高境界。

The view of“I lose myself”is proposed in On Leveling All Things by Zhuangzi.“I”is to eradicate insistence and conform to the way of heaven and man to realize"the true myself"with the unity of heaven and man.“Myself”means the skeletal self,the intentional self and the separated self.The“lose”of Zhuangzi is to discard the inherent things,not just to forget.The approach of“Lose”is to get rid of all the impurities,go beyond the constraints of time and space to reach the real self by means of“discarding desire”,“forgetting flesh”,and“leaving court”.In addition,when it comes to“why lose”,that is,to discard“I”and“myself”and choose to return to a life state like“I”,forming transcendent life and death values.The value is not burdened by fame,but it attributes death to objective natural numerology because of the connection of life and death.Therefore,Zhuangzi holds the view that mankind should conform to nature,reduce the distinction between things and ourselves,abide by the way of nature and destiny to reach a state of“lost myself”.Thus,they can transcend life and death,which is the highest state of life.