平阳霉素对小麦雌雄配子诱变效果的研究

Effects of Pingyangmycin on Mutagenesis of Male and Female Gametes in Triticum aestivum L.

为提高化学诱变剂的诱变效果,本研究采用叶鞘注入和颖壳注入的处理方法将浓度分别为20,40和80μg·mL-1的平阳霉素注入2个小麦品种的叶鞘和颖壳内,使其直接作用于小麦雌雄配子,调查平阳霉素诱变小麦后代的变异情况。结果表明:活体诱变处理的龙辐06K508和龙06-6798的M1出苗率都随着平阳霉素浓度的增大而降低。小穗颖壳注入法在两个品种间半致死剂量存在差异,而叶鞘注入法没有达到半致死剂量。两种处理方式在M1、M2的株高、生育期和芒型等性状上均发生了变异。经数据分析显示,叶鞘注入法M1代株高、穗长、分蘖数、小穗数和主穗粒重与CK相比变化不显著,而小穗颖壳注入法株高、穗长和小穗数与CK相比变化显著,叶鞘注入法M2代穗长小穗数与CK相比变化显著,而小穗颖壳注入法株高和小穗数与CK相比变化达到显著和极显著水平。说明小颖壳注入法直接作用于雌雄配子,保湿效果好,药效时间长,在诱变后代中能产生丰富的变异,可以在诱变育种中加以利用。

In order to improve the mutagenic effects of chemical mutagens,pingyangmycin(20,40 and 80μg·mL-1)were injected into the glume and sheath of two wheat varieties and made a direct effect on wheat gametes by husk and sheath injection.Agronomic traits of wheat genetic offspring was investigated.The results showed that in vivo mutagenesis treatment,the emergence rate of the M1 of both Longfu 06K508 and Longfu 06-6798 decreased with the increase of concentration.There was a difference in the lethal dose between the two varied by glume injection,but the median lethal dose was not achieved by leaf sheath injection.The two treatments showed variation in plant height,growth period and awn type of M1 and M2.Data analysis showed that the plant height,ear length,and spikelet number of M1 generation was significantly different to CK by glume injection method.However,the method of leaf sheath injection was not significant.Compared with CK,the ear length and spikelet number of the M2 by leaf sheath injection method changed significantly,while the plant height and spikelet number of the glume injection method changed significantly and extremely significantly compared with CK.It indicated that the glume injection method has direct effect on male and female gametes,it was a good moisturizer and the effect time was long.It could produce abundant variations in mutagenesis progeny and be used in mutation breeding.