寒区玉米秸秆田间覆膜堆肥速测指标变化研究

Changes of Fast Test Indexes During Field Composting of Maize Straw in Cold Region

为促进寒区玉米秸秆堆肥技术的推广应用,本试验在低温环境中,将玉米秸秆加入自主研发的腐熟菌剂后在大田中进行田间覆膜堆腐,并研究了在堆肥过程中温度、pH、含水率、电导率EC和E4/E6等速测指标的变化情况。结果表明:堆肥在较低的环境温度中无需额外添加能量就可以快速启动。堆体温度、pH、含水率、E4/E6曲线均为双峰结构,呈现出先增加-降低-增加-降低的趋势,除含水率值第二个峰值较第一个峰值高外,pH和E4/E6曲线的第一个峰的峰值均较第二个峰值高。而堆体的EC值则随堆肥的进行呈先降低,后升高,最后降低到稳定值的趋势。腐熟后玉米秸秆堆肥的TN、TP、TK、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾(K2O)、有机质及盐分经检测分别为0.62%、0.13%、1.86%、485.0 mg·kg-1、115.7 mg·kg-1、754.7 mg·kg-1、163 g·kg-1和4.39 g·kg-1。根据种植品种以及土壤情况,将秸秆堆肥与化肥配施可满足作物的生长发育需求。研究表明在黑龙江省等寒冷地区利用秋季或初春的温度采用田间覆膜堆肥的方式处理玉米秸秆是可行的。

In order to promote the application of maize straw composting technology in cold regions,maize straws were piled up and composted in the field at low temperature with microbial inoculum,chemical nitrogen and a polyethylene film.We studied the temperature,pH,moisture content,electrical conductivity EC and E4/E6 during the composting process.The temperature change inside the compost indicated that the compost could start quickly at low environment temperature without additional energy.The curves of pH,water content and E4/E6 were bimodal,showing the trend of increase,decrease,increase and decrease.Except that the second peak of water content value was higher than its first peak,the first peak of pH and E4/E6 curve were both higher than their second peak.The EC value of the compost underwent decrease,increase,decrease and finally reached a stable value.The correlation between EC,pH,moisture content and E4/E6 were not significant.The TN,TP,TK,alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium(K2O),organic matter and salt content of maize straw fertilizer were 0.62%,0.13%,1.86%,485.0 mg·kg-1,115.7 mg·kg-1,754.7 mg·kg-1,163 g·kg-1 and 4.39 g·kg-1,respectively.The maize straw fertilizer using with chemical fertilizer could meet the needs of crops and vegetables.Therefore,it is feasible to compost maize straw in autumn or early spring in Heilongjiang Province and the other cold regions.