扬剧《百岁挂帅》的版本演变——兼论传统剧目的传承机制

Variation of the Versions of the Yang Opera Centenarian Command—Also on the Inheritance Mechanism of Traditional Repertoire

《百岁挂帅》作为扬剧保留剧目,代代传承,成为扬剧最重要的传统剧目之一。其传承版本有1959年江苏省扬剧团的经典版、1959年戏曲电影版、1984年扬州市扬剧研究所的第一版、2012年和2018年扬州市扬剧研究所的青春版、江苏省扬剧团的经典传承版、2019年江苏省扬剧团第五代“经典薪传版”等。而这部剧之所以能够常演不衰,正是因为一代又一代的扬剧人以这部剧为突破点,探索出了一套完整有效的传统剧目传承机制。从对原始剧本的一次改编到表演程式的代代传授,再到传承过程中的二次呈现,《百岁挂帅》正是在这样活态的传承机制之下,成了扬剧舞台上的经典保留之作。

As a repertoire of Yang Opera,Centenarian Command has been passed on from generation to generation and has become one of the most important traditional plays in Yang Opera.Its inherited versions include the classic version of Jiangsu Yang Opera Troupe in 1959,the movie version of traditional Chinese opera in 1959,the first edition of Yangzhou Yang Opera Research Institute in 1984,the youth version of Yangzhou Yang Opera Institute of Yangzhou in 2012 and 2018,and Yangzhou Yang Opera Institute of Jiangsu Province.The classic inheritance version of the troupe,the fifth generation“Classic Inheritance Edition”of the Jiangsu Yang Opera Troupe in 2019,etc.The reason why this drama can be performed frequently is because generations of Yang dramatists have used this drama as a breakthrough point to explore a complete and effective traditional drama inheritance mechanism.From the first adaptation of the original script to the generation⁃to⁃generation teaching of the performance program,to the second presentation in the process of inheritance,Centenarian Command has become a classic on the stage of Yang Opera under such a dynamic inheritance mechanism.