中国情境下的“家长科层式”领导方式辨析

An Analysis of “Paternalistic-Hierarchy” Leadership Style in China

现有对家长式领导方式的研究,关注的是其自身的三维度内容相互影响关系,忽视了在中国情境下的科层组织中存在一种“家长科层式”领导方式。家长式与科层式领导方式,在本质上具有对立性,但也可以拥有并存的空间:决策自由裁量权为两者在权力行使上提供了可以并存的空间;对才能的宽泛界定为两者在用人标准上提供了可以并存的空间;自我意识为两者在人格关系转换上提供了可以并存的空间;中国传统文化为两者的并存提供了心理认同存在空间。“家长科层式”领导方式对领导者的决策、用人及人际关系管理都会产生重要影响。在中国情境下,建议领导者在组织初创时期,可以根据情境需要突出家长式人治威权;在组织正规化时期,必需突显科层式的理性威权。

The existing research on paternalistic leadership focuses on the interaction of its own three dimensions,ignoring the existence of a"Paternalistic-Hierarchy"leadership style in the bureaucratic organizations in China.Paternalistic leadership and bureaucratic leadership are antagonistic in nature,but they can also have coexisting space:the decision-making discretion provides the space for the two to coexist in the exercise of power;the criteria of the broad definition of talent for their employment provides the space for the two to coexist;and self-consciousness provides the space to coexist in the transformation of personality relationship;Chinese traditional culture provides psychological identity for the coexistence of the two.The"Paternalistic-Hierarchy"leadership style has an important impact on leaders'decision-making,employment and interpersonal relationship management.In the context of China,leaders can highlight the paternalistic authority in the initial stage of the organization according to the needs of the situation;in the period of organization normalization,it is necessary to highlight the rational authority of bureaucracy.