中国族际整合的“大家庭”模式:话语变迁与伦理逻辑

The"big family"mode of inter-ethnic integration in China:Discourse evolution and ethical logic

近代以后,随着国家类型的转变,中国的族际整合问题在国家治理中凸显出来。中国的族际整合蕴涵着浓厚的“大家庭”文化底色,先后经历了“五族一家”“民族大家庭”“祖国大家庭”“社会主义大家庭”“中华民族大家庭”的话语流变。近年来,“中华民族大家庭”话语经由国家决策层的使用和社会舆论的助推,已然成为一种广泛共识,相应的理论研究和政策实践也随之展开。目前“大家庭”不仅有其名而且有其实,可以用来指称我国族际整合的模式。与西方的“大熔炉”和“大拼盘”两种族际整合模式不同,“大家庭”模式饱含着中国的“泛家庭伦理”特色。这一伦理逻辑,体现在国内民族关系、各民族的权利与义务、中华民族共同体建设、民族政策等多个层面。

In modern times,with the change of state type,the problem of ethnic integration in China has been highlighted in the state governance.China's inter-ethnic integration contains a profound cultural background of the big family,and has experienced the discourse evolution of“five ethnic groups”,“national family”,"socialist family"and"the big family of Chinese nation".In recent years,the discourse of"the big family of Chinese nation",after being used by the decision makers at the national level and promoted by public opinion,has naturally become a broad consensus.and along with it,the corresponding theoretical research and policy practice have also been carried out.At the present,"big family"has not only its name but also its reality,which can be used to refer to the mode of China's ethnic integration.Different from the western"melting pot"and"big platter",the"big family"model is full of China's unique"pan family ethics".Such ethical logic is reflected in many aspects,such as domestic ethnic relations,the rights and obligations of all ethnic groups,the construction of the Chinese national community,and ethnic policies.