桑德尔《反对完美》解读:超人运动员值得期待吗?

Interpretation of Sandel’s“The Case Against Perfection”:Are superhuman athletes worth expecting?

随着新生物医学技术的发展,人类自我改善从原“治疗模式”升级到“增强模式”,创造超人运动员的话语开始流行起来。尽管世界反兴奋剂机构以健康、公平以及违背体育精神为由禁止使用兴奋剂包括基因兴奋剂增强运动员,但也遭到来自体育运动赛场内外的质疑。以桑德尔《反对完美》中对“生化运动员”的讨论为中心,探讨体育运动应秉持的原则和所承载的价值。研究认为运动员对卓越的追求,是其自然天赋和努力的结合,如果依赖技术而不需要努力就能赢得比赛,这将从根本上扭曲比赛,破坏运动的本质。因此,体育运动不应当允许基因增强的超人运动员参与比赛。

With the development of new biomedical technology,human self-improvement has been upgraded from the original"treatment mode"to the"enhancement mode",and the discourses of creating superhuman athletes have become popular.Although WADA bans the use of doping,including gene doping,to boost athletes on grounds of health,fairness and against the sports spirit,they are also questioned both inside and outside the arena.This paper takes Sandel's discussion of"Bionic Athletes"in"The Case against Perfection"as the center,and discusses the principles and values that sports should uphold.Athletes'pursuit of excellence is a combination of their natural talent and efforts,which will fundamentally distort the competition and destroy the essence of sports if they rely on technology without effort.Therefore,sports should not allow superhuman athletes to participate in the competition.