社会工作发展的社会逻辑——一个科学社会学的分析框架

The Social Logic of the Development of Social Work--An Analytical Framework for the Sociology of Science

社会工作引入中国已有百年之久,其间经历了数次跌宕起伏。从科学社会学的视角研究社会工作的百年变迁,可以把制度、行动者、社会需要视为三种影响因素,建构出一个“需要—结构”的社会工作发展分析框架,亦即社会工作发展的影响机制。社会工作的发展受到结构性(制度和行动者)因素的直接影响,而社会需要是社会工作发展的内在动因。社会工作的百年发展历程正是在“需要与结构”的张力下得以展开。当社会需要和社会结构相吻合时,社会工作会得到快速、持续的发展;当二者相互抵触时,社会工作则处于茫然与消退的状态。

It has been a hundred years since social work was introduced into China,which has experienced several ups and downs.From the perspective of sociology of science to study the changes of social work in the past century,the system,actors,and social needs can be regarded as three influencing factors,and a"need-structure"analysis framework of social work development can be constructed,that is,the influence mechanism of social work development.The development of social work is directly affected by structural factors(institutions and actors),and social needs are the internal motivation of the development of social work.It is under the tension of"need and structure"that social work develops in the past century.When the social needs and social structure are consistent,social work will get rapid and sustainable development;when the two contradict each other,social work will be in a state of confusion and decline.