《诗经》与大封礼的生成、发展与演变

The Formation,Development and Evolution of the Frontier-safeguarding Ceremony in the Book of Songs

《长发》《玄鸟》《皇矣》《江汉》《崧高》《黍苗》《閟宫》《十亩之间》这八首诗为《诗经》大封礼类诗歌的代表,透露了大封礼演化的基本态势:商周时期,《诗经》涉及“正封疆”叙事时特别强调“帝(天)命”“王命”,体现了神权和王权在大封礼生成与发展过程中扮演着重要角色;春秋时期,《诗经》大封礼类诗歌很少歌颂“帝(天)命”“王命”,即便是《閟宫》言及“天锡”,亦不过是“祝颂之辞”,甚至是违礼僭越行为,于是大封礼名不副实而演变,以至于许多诸侯国并不能实行,此礼遂逐渐崩坏,《十亩之间》透露了此种信息。

Chang-fa,Xuan-niao,Huang-yi,Jiang-han,Song-gao,Shu-miao,Bi-gong and Shimu-Zhijian are representative poems about the Frontier-safeguarding Ceremony in the Book of Songs.The poems reflected the basic trends of the ceremony.In the Shang and Zhou Dynasties,the poems often extolled the God′s or Heaven′s mandate when demarcation of frontier was involved in the Book of Songs,which reflected the importance of the divine and monarchical rights.However,in the Spring and Autumn Period,the poems seldom eulogized the God′s(Heaven′s)or monarchical mandates,though Bi-gong involved heaven sending,it was just good wishes or even breaching behaviors,therefore the Frontier-safeguarding Ceremony was not its former self any more and was not practiced in many kingdoms,resulting in the eventual collapse of Li,which was informed in Shimu-Zhijian.