美日建立入海污染物排放管控机制的经验及其启示

The Experience of the U.S. and Japan in Establishing the Mechanism for Controlling the Discharge of Pollutants into the Sea and Its Implications for China

实施入海污染物排放的严格管控,在海洋污染预防、控制以及治理等方面具有重要意义。美国和日本等国采取了不同的入海污染物排放管控手段,并基于此形成了理论和实践联动的海洋排污管控机制。从美日海洋排污管控的理论和实践来看,立法是建立入海污染物排放管控机制的前提,协调实施“命令和控制型”及“以市场为基础的激励型”排污手段是保障机制运行的基本内容,引入评价与监督制度是建立完善机制必不可少的环节。

Strict control of discharging pollutants into the sea is of great significance for the prevention,control and treatment of marine pollution.The U.S.and Japan have adopted a variety of means to control the discharge of pollutants into the sea,and thus establishing mechanisms of controlling marine pollutants with combining the theory and practice.According to the marine pollution control theories and practices in the U.S.and Japan,legislation is a prerequisite to establishing the mechanism of controlling marine pollutants into the sea.The coordinated application of“command-and-control”and“market-incentive”means is the basic content to safeguarding the implementation of the mechanism,and the introduction of evaluation and supervision system plays an indispensable role in improving the mechanism.