论元散曲家对《史记》人物形象的重塑

On the Reconstruction of Characters in Historical Records by Sanqu Writers in the Yuan Dynasty

元人首创以历史题材为主要内容的咏史怀古散曲,丰富了咏史创作的体裁。受特定社会环境的影响,元代散曲作家往往利用再现《史记》中的人、事来倾吐心中的愤激情绪,正话反说,以宣泄个人的无奈,寻求灵魂的出路。元人接受《史记》的咏史怀古散曲,或颠覆性地重新塑造《史记》人物形象;或表达出在畸形社会土壤里产生的苦闷、消极的艺术情感;或受儒家思想影响,既想入世为民请命,又想辞官归隐、保全其身的矛盾心理;又或为展现自家才情而以《史记》中的典型事件为题材而创作散曲,发思古之幽情。

In the Yuan Dynasty,people first created the nostalgic Sanqu with historical themes as their main content,which enriched the genre of the creation of history.Under the influence of specific social environment,the writers of sanqu in the Yuan Dynasty often used the reappearance of people and events in Historical Records to express their angry emotions and to express their helplessness in order to seek a way out for their souls.This paper focuses on the Yuan dynasty people’s acceptance of the Historical Records of the ancient Sanqu works,or how they reinvented the characters in the Historical Records in a subversive way,or to express the depressed and negative artistic emotion generated in the abnormal social soil;Or were influenced by Confucianism.They not only want to go into the society for the people,but also wanted to resign and retire to preserve their own ambivalence;In order to show their own talent and take the typical events in the Historical Records of the Grand Historian as the subject matter of creation,they expressed nostalgia for the past.