重组的艺术与重构的记忆:《五帝本纪》黄帝战争文本蠡测

The Art of Reorganization and Memory of Reconstruction:A Brief Survey of the Yellow Emperor’s War Text in the Biographic Scketches of Five Emperors

《史记·五帝本纪》中黄帝战争文本表现出明显的重组痕迹,这在某种程度上反映了司马迁尝试整合多种材料的努力。在司马迁之前文献中有关黄帝战争记载的散乱与抵牾现象,反映了我们民族有关这段文化记忆的零乱与无序。司马迁尝试对零乱的记忆进行重构,他重组了炎黄之战和黄帝与蚩尤之战,选定了黄帝与炎帝、蚩尤的关系,从而也重构了“修德振兵”的黄帝形象。这种记忆重构建立在大一统的政治模式基础上,体现了一种记忆现时化的需要,表现出司马迁对理想帝王的追慕。

The war text of the Yellow Emperor shows obvious traces of interlacing in the biographic scketches of five emperors,which partly reflects Sima Qian’s efforts to integrate various materials.The confusion and dissonance of the Yellow Emperor’s war records in the literature before Sima Qian reflects the confusion and disorder of our nation’s cultural memory about this period.Sima Qian tried to reconstruct the chaotic memory,he combined the battle of Yan Huang and the battle of the Yellow Emperor between Chi You,chooses the relationship between Yellow Emperor and Yan Emperor,Chi You,and thus reconstructs the Yellow Emperor image to“cultivate morality and train the military”.This reconstruction of memory is based on a unified political model,which embodies the need to remember the present,and shows Sima Qian’s admiration for the ideal emperor.