俄罗斯新型粉末高温合金研究最新进展

Recent development of new type powder metallurgy superalloys in Russia

介绍了俄罗斯在2015—2019年间粉末高温合金的研究进展。综述了全俄轻合金研究院(ВИЛС)研究的ВВ750П、ВВ751П、ВВ752П、ВВ753П等ВВП系镍基粉末高温合金、全俄航空材料研究院(ВИАМ)最新研制的ВЖ178П新型镍基粉末高温合金的组织和力学性能。ВИЛС采用等离子旋转电极法(PREP)制粉+热等静压(HIP)成形工艺生产粉末高温合金盘坯。从2014年10月,ВИЛС使用粒度不大于70μm的粉末开始生产ПД14发动机用ВВ751П合金盘坯。ВИАМ采用氩气雾化法(AA)和PREP法制备ВЖ178П合金粉末,对比分析了AA粉末和PREP粉末的粒度分布、粉末中的气体含量、粉末收得率、工艺性能及组织特性、HIP锭坯的组织和工艺塑性、锻造饼坯组织和力学性能。ВИАМ采用HIP+等温锻造工艺研制出了ВЖ178П合金模拟盘坯(直径320 mm),其力学性能超过俄罗斯和国外同类合金,与AA粉末相比,PREP粉末保证变形盘坯具有比较高的室温力学性能;采用PREP法制备ВЖ178П合金粉末,用HIP工艺研制出首次实验批ВЖ178П合金全尺寸盘坯(直径600 mm),其力学性能符合航空发动机对盘件材料的最新要求。

This article reviews the research progress of powder metallurgy(PM)superalloys in Russia from 2015 to 2019. The microstructure and mechanical properties of ВВП nickel base PM superalloys are overviewed,such as ВВ750П,ВВ751П,ВВ752П and ВВ753П,which are developed by Russian Institute of Light Alloy(ВИЛС).It is also reviewed the microstructure and mechanical properties of a new kind of PM superalloy named ВЖ178П,which is developed by Russian Institute of Aeronautical Materials(ВИАМ). ВИЛС prepared disk billet by plasma rotating electrode process(PREP)and as-hot isostatic pressing(as-HIP). Since October 2014,ВВ751П alloy powder with particle size of no more than 70μm has been used by ВИЛС to produce disk for ПД14 engine. ВИАМadopts argon atomization(AA)and PREP to prepare alloy powders. The particle size distribution,gas content in powders,preparation technology,microstructure characteristics,microstructure and process plasticity of HIP billet,and microstructure and mechanical properties of forgin ingot were compared between AA powders and PREP powders. ВИАМ developed the disk billet(320 mm in diameter)of ВЖ178П alloy by HIP and isothermal forging process,and the mechanical properties of this alloy were better than those of the same kind in Russia and abroad.Compared with AA powders,PREP powders ensure that the deformed disk has higher mechanical properties at room temperature. Using PREP ВЖ178П powders and as-HIP process,full-scale experimental disk billet(600 mm in diameter)was first developed,and its mechanical properties met the modern requirements of areo-engine disk materials.