天津八仙山国家级自然保护区野生狍集群模式和时空活动规律

Cluster Patterns and Spatiotemporal Activity Patterns of Wild Roe Deer in the Tianjin Baxianshan National Nature Reserve

2017年6月-2019年3月,以天津八仙山国家级自然保护区为研究地点,首次应用红外相机技术综合关注野生狍Capreolus pygargus的集群模式和时空活动规律。结果发现,狍表现出5种集群模式,以单雄和单雌模式为主;各种集群模式的出现频次呈显著的季节差异(χ^2=10.867,df=3,P=0.012)、温度区段差异(χ^2=12.141,df=4,P=0.016)和海拔区段差异(χ^2=13.286,df=3,P=0.004);狍的日活动曲线整体呈双峰型,活动高峰期集中在05∶00-07∶00和18∶00-20∶00;日活动节律不存在显著季节差异;狍全年相对活动强度的高峰出现在温度为11~20℃、海拔为501~700 m时;狍在不同季节的相对活动强度之间的差异有高度统计学意义(χ^2=49.535,df=3,P <0.000 1),其中秋季显著高于其他3季。综上所述,季节在不同程度上影响野生狍的集群模式和时空活动规律。本研究为野生狍的生态保护及相关自然保护地的综合管理提供科学参考依据。

From June 2017 to March 2019, camera trapping technology was used to investigate the cluster pattern and spatiotemporal activity of wild roe deer ( Capreolus pygargus ) in the Tianjin Baxianshan National Nature Reserve. We found that: 1) roe deer had 5 cluster patterns with one-male and one-female as the main patterns, and the occurrence frequencies of various cluster patterns showed significant seasonal differences ( χ^2 =10.867, df =3, P =0.012), temperature differences ( χ^2 =12.141, df =4, P =0.016) and altitude differences ( χ^2 =13.286, df =3, P =0.004);2) the daily activity curve was bimodal with no significant seasonal difference, and the activity peak mainly concentrated at the periods of 05∶ 00- 07∶ 00 and 18∶ 00-20∶ 00;3) among different temperatures and altitudes, the peak of relative activity intensity of roe deer ranged from 11 ℃ to 20 ℃ and 501-700 m, respectively;4) there was an extremely significant seasonal difference in the relative activity intensity ( χ^2 =49.535, df =3, P <0.000 1) of roe deer, and that in autumn was significantly higher than in other seasons. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that cluster patterns and spatiotemporal activity patterns of wild roe deer can be influenced by seasonal factors to varying degrees, and thus provides scientific reference for the ecological protection of wild roe deer and the integrative management of nature reserves.