利用红外相机研究新龙县食肉目兽类及其猎物的时间生态位特征与重叠

Study on the Temporal Niche Characteristics and Overlaps of Carnivores and Their Preys Using Infrared Cameras in Xinlong County

为调查和研究食肉目Carnivora兽类与其潜在捕食对象的时间生态位特征及重叠,2013年1月-2014年12月在四川省新龙县西南部布设红外相机,累计收集到独立有效照片4 148张,共记录17种哺乳动物(狼Canis lupus、赤狐Vulpes vulpes、豹猫Prionailurus bengalensis、金钱豹Panthera pardus、黑熊Ursus thibetanus、黄喉貂Martes flavigula、黄鼬Mustela sibirica、猪獾Arctonyx collaris和香鼬Mustela altaica 9种食肉类动物,以及灰尾兔Lepus oiostolus、中华鬣羚Capricornis milneedwardsii、林麝Moschus berezovskii、毛冠鹿Elaphodus cephalophus、猕猴Macaca mulatta、马来水鹿Cervus equinus、野猪Sus scrofa、隐纹花松鼠Tamiops swinhoei)和鼠科Muridae未鉴定到种的动物。通过计算相对多度指数、时间生态位宽度及重叠指数,分析各物种间的时间分化及关系。结果表明:1) 18种兽类在生长季的相对多度为156.26,非生长季为151.48;2)除黑熊在非生长季的生态位宽度小于0.5以外,其他动物在生长季和非生长季的生态位宽度都大于0.5;3)生长季,灰尾兔与马来水鹿的时间生态位重叠指数最高(0.939),其次是黄鼬与香鼬(0.918),再者是香鼬与猕猴(0.873);非生长季,毛冠鹿与马来水鹿的时间生态位重叠指数最高(0.933),其次是马来水鹿与狼(0.862),再者是毛冠鹿与狼(0.853)。本研究初步探讨了新龙县大中型食肉目兽类及潜在捕食者在时间生态位上的分化与重叠,有助于进一步了解该区域内各物种的种间关系与共存机制,为该区域的生物多样性研究提供本底资料,也为该区域动物保护和管理提供依据。

In this study,trapping stations were established to investigate the temporal niche characteristics and overlaps of carnivores and their preys in Xinlong County,Sichuan Province.From January 2013 to December 2014,a total of 4148 valid independent photos were collected and 17 species of mammals and 1 unidentified rodent species were identified.Specifically,there were 9 large carnivores including Canis lupus,Vulpes vulpes,Prionailurus bengalensis,Panthera pardus,Ursus thibetanus,Martes flavigula,Mustela sibirica,Arctonyx collaris and Mustela altaica,8 non-carnivores including Lepus oiostolus,Capricornis milneedwardsii,Moschus berezovskii,Elaphodus cephalophus,Macaca mulatta,Cervus equinus,Sus scrofa,Tamiops swinhoei,and unidentified species of Muridae.Relative abundance index,temporal niche width and niche overlap were then used to analyze the temporal differentiation and relationships among these species.The results showed that:(1)the total relative abundance index of the 18 species reached 156.26 in growing season and 151.48 in non-growing season;(2)only the temporal niche width of U.thibetanus in non-growing seasons was less than 0.5;(3)in growing season,the temporal niche overlap between L.oiostolus and C.equinus was the highest(0.939),followed by Mustela sibirica and Mustela altaica(0.918),Mustela altaica and Macaca mulatta(0.873).However,in non-growing season,the highest temporal niche overlap was detected between E.cephalophus and C.equinus(0.933),followed by C.equinus and C.lupus(0.862),E.cephalophus and C.lupus(0.853).This study provides a preliminary understanding of the temporal niche differentiation and overlap of large and medium-sized carnivores and their potential preys in Xinlong County.It is helpful to understand the interspecific relationship and coexistence mechanism of various species,and can provide background data for biodiversity research,animal protection and management in the region.