反贫困社会工作的理论向度

The Theoretical Dimension of Anti-poverty Social Work

反贫困社会工作的实践,基于对“贫困”的不同理解认识,可有不同的介入行动路线,由此使之呈现出多样的理论向度。本文尝试梳理有关“贫困”的不同理论解释,特别是以大卫·豪关于社会工作实践理论的四大范式分析框架为依据,分析提出反贫困社会工作的四种主要的理论路线,并在理论路线的分析上总结四种范式下的反贫困社会工作实践。在此基础上,本文尝试分析发展性社会工作的理论和实务经验,提出其兼具四种范式的特点,采取综合干预的反贫困策略应该是今后消除相对贫困的实践取向。

The practice of anti-poverty social work,based on different understanding of poverty,can have different intervention action routes,which makes it present a variety of theoretical dimensions.This article attempts to sort out different theoretical explanations of poverty,especially based on David Howe's four paradigms of social work practice theory,to analyze and put forward four main theoretical lines of anti-poverty social work,and summarize the practice of anti-poverty social work under the four paradigms.On this basis,this article attempts to analyze the theory and practical experience of developmental social work,and puts forward that it has the characteristics of four paradigms.The comprehensive intervention strategy should be the practical orientation of eliminating relative poverty in the future.