公建民营养老机构发展的目标定位研究——以上海市为例

Research on The Goal Orientation of The Development of Public Construction and Private Institutions for The Elderly:Shanghai as an Example

在养老服务需求日益增长和养老服务供给短板之间矛盾凸显的背景下,明确公建民营养老机构发展的目标定位,为养老服务市场提供均衡发展的政策支撑体系,具有重要意义。分析上海市公建公营、公建民营、民建民营三类养老机构总量现状和床位数提供的情况后,发现针对现存机构数量少但发展快的公建民营养老机构,促进其合理定位具有内在潜力,而这就需要对公建民营养老机构进行细分。因此,依据“政府出资比例”将公建民营养老机构划分为三类:完全公益型,即政府全额出资;公益与市场混合型,即政府和运营方共同出资;基本市场型,即政府补贴性出资。最后,从明确类型定位、服务标准、服务定价和“保障类”对象四个维度提出支持公建民营养老机构发展的政策目标方案。

Under the background of increasing demand for elderly care services and prominent shortage of elderly service supply,it is a great significance to define the development goal of public construction and private institutions for the elderly and provide policy support system for the balanced development of elderly service market.Based on the current situation and the number of beds of public,public and private and private institutions in Shanghai,it is found that there is an inherent potential for promoting the rational distribution of elderly care institutions in areas with a small number of existing institutions but rapid development,which needs to be subdivided.Therefore,according to the proportion of government investment,public construction and private institutions for the elderly are divided into three categories:(1)the complete public welfare type is the government's full investment;(2)the mixed type of public welfare and market,that is,the government and the operator jointly contribute;(3)the basic market type,that is the government subsidized investment.From the four dimensions of clear type positioning,service standards,service pricing and"security"objects,the paper puts forward the policy objectives and programs to support the development of public construction and private institutions for the elderly.